COPENHAGEN BUSINESS SCHOOL FEBRUAR 2012 Debatkultur i dagens Danmark - en kvalitativ analyse af borgernes holdning til den politiske debat i Danmark Susanne Maar Jensen Kathrine Rostrup Lorentzen VEJLEDER: SINE NØRHOLM JUST DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS AND POLITICS ANTAL SIDER/TEGN: 120/272.947 Indholdsfortegnelse Executive summary .................................................................................................................................................... 1 Introduktion ................................................................................................................................................................. 5 Problemfelt ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 5 Teori ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Metode ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Afgrænsning ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Læsevejledning ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Undersøgelsesdesign ............................................................................................................................................... 11 Videnskabsteoretisk tilgang ........................................................................................................................................................ 11 Metodologi ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 12 Metode ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 12 Spørgeskema ....................................................................................................................................................................... 12 Fokusgrupper ...................................................................................................................................................................... 13 Udvalg og udvælgelsesmetode ..................................................................................................................................... 14 Validitet og reliabilitet ..................................................................................................................................................... 15 Indsamling af data ........................................................................................................................................................................... 16 Spørgeskemaer ................................................................................................................................................................... 16 Fokusgrupper ...................................................................................................................................................................... 16 Dataanalyse ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 17 Etiske overvejelser ............................................................................................................................................................................ 18 Den teoretiske baggrund for undersøgelsen .................................................................................................. 21 Debatbegrebet .................................................................................................................................................................................... 21 Hvad er debat? .................................................................................................................................................................... 21 Begrebsafklaring: Debat ................................................................................................................................................. 22 Normativitetsbegreber for god debat ..................................................................................................................................... 23 Hvad er normerne for god debat? ............................................................................................................................... 23 Begrebsafklaring: Normer for god debat ................................................................................................................. 27 Fejlslutninger, fejlargumentation og uskikke ........................................................................................................ 27 Begrebsafklaring: Fejlslutninger, argumentationsfejl og uskikke................................................................. 31 Afsenderintention som normativt vurderingsredskab ...................................................................................... 32 Begrebsafklaring: Afsenderintention ........................................................................................................................ 34 Analyse – del 1: Teoretisk analyse af debatuddraggene ............................................................................ 37 Analyse af debatuddrag 1 ............................................................................................................................................................. 37 Udenomssnak og manglende svar .............................................................................................................................. 38 Personangreb: ”Ramt med 80 kilometer i timen af virkeligheden” .............................................................. 40 Gode svar og modargumenter ...................................................................................................................................... 41 Direkte og præcise svar .................................................................................................................................................. 43 Forkvaklet forsøg på at skabe velvilje ....................................................................................................................... 45 Mundhuggeri og ingen klare svar ............................................................................................................................... 46 Opsamling ............................................................................................................................................................................. 48 Analyse af debatuddrag 2 ............................................................................................................................................................. 50 Stråmænd og udokumenterede beskyldninger..................................................................................................... 50 Motivspekulation ............................................................................................................................................................... 52 Flabet teenagedatter og afmægtig mor .................................................................................................................... 53 Fordelagtig vinkling af debatten og brugen af universelle værdier ............................................................. 55 Kritiske spørgsmål og afklaring af synspunkter ................................................................................................... 57 Ingen klare svar og forsøg på at snakke udenom ................................................................................................. 58 Opsamling ............................................................................................................................................................................. 60 Analyse af debatuddrag 3 ............................................................................................................................................................. 62 Sår tvivl om modstanderens troværdighed og evner ......................................................................................... 62 Løkkes frame: 12 minutters penge vs. rigtige penge .......................................................................................... 65 Manglende svar fra begge parter ................................................................................................................................ 67 Talfnidder og talfusk i valgkampen ............................................................................................................................ 69 Retorikkens virkemidler i spil ...................................................................................................................................... 70 Opsamling