BUILDING ON SHARED BENEFITS TRANSFORMING LIVES IN THE NILE BASIN Acknowledgements The following persons contributed to the preparation of this publication - Building on Shared Benefits: Transforming lives in the Nile Basin. Contributors • Mr. Emmanuel Daniel Chonza,– NELSAP-CU, Kigali - Rwanda • Dr. Wubalem Fekade – ENTRO, Addis Ababa - Ethiopia • Dr. Mohsen Alarabawy– Nile-SEC, Entebbe - Uganda • Mr. Tom Waako – Nile-SEC, Entebbe - Uganda • Ms. Jane K. Baitwa – Nile-SEC, Entebbe - Uganda Reviewers • Senior Management staff of NBI, across the three Centers - Nile-SEC, ENTRO, NELSAP-CU. • Members of the Nile Technical Advisory Committee (Nile-TAC) – Member States Editorial Team • Ms. Jane K. Baitwa – Nile-SEC, Entebbe - Uganda • Ms. Elizabeth Agiro –Nile-SEC, Entebbe - Uganda Disclaimer The views expressed in this publication are not necessarily those of NBI’s Member States or its development partners. Trademark names and symbols are used in an editorial fashion and no intention of infringement on trade mark or copyright laws. While every care has been exercised in compiling and publishing the information and data contained in this document, the NBI regrets any errors or omissions that may have been unwittingly made in this publication. The NBI is not an authority on International Administrative Boundaries. All country boundaries used in this publication are based on FAO Global Administrative Unit Layers (GAUL). ©Copyright Nile Basin Initiative: June, 2016. ISNB: 978-9970-444-04-5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY he Nile is an iconic river of came together in 1999 to establish the transformation in the way countries global significance. It is a unprecedented Nile Basin Initiative sharing the river perceive joint challen- symbol of the human ca- (NBI), to jointly overcome the challen- ges and act to tackle them. pacity to harness water for ges and take advantage of the oppor- Tthe development and growth of civili- tunities to maximize benefits. This pu- In the long-term, the achievements of zations, but also of the fragility of our blication looks at how, in the space of a the NBI will be measured benefits that existence and unremitting dependence little over 17 years, NBI has successfully go far beyond the Basin alone. This in on water’s life-giving properties. established a program of work that has turn will foster more regional integ- generated a swathe of shared benefits, ration and enable increased economic The Nile is also a complex river system transforming lives in the Nile Basin. growth and regional peace and security. in hydrological, environmental and These wider benefits will be of immense climatic terms. It crosses the borders of The introduction part provides an importance as the Basin States further eleven different countries namely; Bu- overview of NBI’s achievements, which strive to address the development chal- rundi, DR Congo, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethio- have resulted in a step change in de- lenges of the 21st Century. pia, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, The velopment across the Basin. The overall Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda with very achievement can be summarized as a There has been a concerted effort at different social, cultural and economic realities. Sharing water resources bet- ween so many countries (and their gro- wing populations and their demands) is There has been a concerted effort at a challenge in itself, but the geopolitical and hydro political realities in the Ba- strengthening the awareness of the need sin turn it even more complex. for and benefits to be derived from cooperation – of which this publication is a part. To this end, the Nile Basin countries Bahukhandi Vivek Photo: 3 strengthening the awareness of the Chapter 4 looks at the NBI - a strong “We need to build on NBI’s core strength need for and benefits to be derived from regional institutional platform for di- as the only cooperation mechanism cooperation – of which this publication alogue and cooperation, which is all through which the basin states can is a part. inclusive and neutral. discuss with trust and confidence Chapter 1 showcases benefits for each Chapter 5 is about possible futures - how to jointly address the challenges Member State, both achieved and in the first highlights the baseline and then while benefiting from the development pipeline, covering a range of energy, food describes future challenges. opportunities presented by the Basin” and water, , needs. These include the Ethi- Hon. Dr. Vincent Biruta, Minister of opia-Sudan Transmission Interconnection Lastly, nothing stays the same. The Nile Natural Resources – Rwanda, during the benefiting 1.4 million people, Rusumo Basin is a dynamic system, subject to 23rd Nile-COM meeting held in 2015 in Falls Hydro-electric project benefitting 1, constant buffeting by climate and other 146,000 people in Burundi, Rwanda and human and nature-induced forces. Dodoma, Tanzania Tanzania. Others are planned irrigation The imperative of cooperation is well and watershed projects basin-wide, which understood, but not a given – it needs will put 14,000 ha of farmland under im- to be able to respond to change and to proved agriculture. adapt to new circumstances. As the The Nile Basin is a dynamic system, subject to constant buffeting by climate and other human and nature-induced forces. The imperative of cooperation is well understood, but not a given – it needs to be able to respond to change and to adapt to new circumstances. Chapter 2 focusses on enhanced capa- NBI continues to evolve into a perma- city not only of professional competen- nent basin institution that coordinates cies and capabilities to jointly manage country actions to ensure the continued and develop shared water resources generation of economic, social and en- but also capacity to cooperate, build vironmental goods, continued support trust and confidence among Basin is required from a range of partners States as a means by which to provide - all basin governments, international a wider enabling environment for in- community, regional economic commu- vestments. nities, non-governmental institutions, private sector, knowledge community Chapter 3 describes the credible and and the media, as well as other net- impartial knowledge and information works and organizations committed to created and analytic tools developed in the principles of peaceful and sustain- support of more robust planning and able development. This collective action development strategies for improved approach will be central to cooperation livelihoods. in the Basin throughout this Century. ACRONYMS AET Actual Evapotranspiration NB–DSS Nile Basin Decision Support System CCS Climate Change Strategy NBSF Nile Basin Sustainability Framework CFA Cooperative Framework Agreement NBUF Nile Basin University Forum CU Coordination Unit NCORE Nile Cooperation for Results Project DR Congo Democratic Republic of Congo NEL Nile Equatorial Lakes EAPP Eastern Africa Power Pool NELCOM Nile Equatorial Lakes Council of Ministers EGH Elder of the Order of the Golden Heart NELSAP Nile Equatorial Lakes Subsidiary Action ENCOM Eastern Nile Council of Ministers Program ENSAP Eastern Nile Subsidiary Action Program NELSAP–CU Nile Equatorial Lakes Subsidiary Action ENSAPT Eastern Nile Subsidiary Action Program Program Coordination Unit Team NEL–TAC Nile Equatorial Lakes Technical Advisory ENTRO Eastern Nile Technical Regional Office Committee ESIA Economic and Social Impact Assessment NGO Non-Governmental Organization ESP Environmental and Social Policy Nile-COM Nile Council of Ministers EWUAP Efficient Water Use for Agricultural Nile-SEC Nile Basin Initiative Secretariat Productivity Nile–TAC Nile Technical Advisory Committee GCM Global Climate Model PhD Doctor of Philosophy GDP Gross Domestic Product RBO River Basin Organization GERD Grand Ethiopia Renaissance Dam RCM Regional Climate Model GHG Greenhouse Gases RPT Regional Power Trade ha hectares SADC Southern Africa Development HAD High Aswan Dam Community HYDROMET Hydrometeorological Monitoring of the Nile SAPP Southern Africa Power Pool HP Hydropower SAPs Subsidiary Action Programs IDB Internal Drainage Basin SIWI Stockholm International Water Institute IDEN Integrated Development of the Eastern Nile SME Small and Medium Enterprise IWRM Integrated Water Resources Management SSEA Strategic Social And Environmental IWRMD Integrated Water Resources Management Assessment and Development SVP Shared Vision Program JMP Joint Multipurpose Project TECCONILE Technical Cooperation Committee for KV Kilovolts the Promotion of Development and KW Kilowatts Environmental Protection of the Nile Basin KWh Kilowatt Hours TWPAP Transboundary Water Policy Approach LSU Livestock Unit Paper LVBC Lake Victoria Basin Commission UNDUGU Brotherhood of the Nile Basin MCM Million Cubic Metres Organization MP Member of Parliament USD United States Dollars MSc Master of Science UNCED United Nations Conference on MSIOA Multi-Sectoral Investment Opportunity Environment and Development Analyses VoA Voice of America MT Metric Tonnes WMS Wetlands Management Strategy MW Megawatts WRD Water Resources Development MWh/yr Megawatt hours per year WRMD Water Resources Management and NBI Nile Basin Initiative Development 5 CONTENTS Photo: iStock 7 THE NILE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS 36 The Sudan 8 FOREWORD 37 Tanzania 9 MESSAGE FROM THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR 39 Uganda 10 INTRODUCTION – Our achievements – an overview 42 CHAPTER 2 – Enhanced capacity to jointly manage and develop shared water resources 11 KEY NBI MILESTONES 46 CHAPTER 3 – Knowledge and analytic tools for improved 19 CHAPTER