SDMS Document ID UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Ao^u i 553682 REGIONS 3 999 18TH STREET-SUITE 200 h / DENVER, CO 80202-2466 ' R0^ Phone 800-227-8917 http://www.epa.gov/region08 September 30, 2005 Ref: EPR-F Colonel Jeffry F. Smith Commander, 28th Bomb Wing 1958 Scott Drive, Suite 1 Ellsworth AFB, South Dakota 57706 Dear Colonel Smith: I want to thank you and your staff for helping us complete the 5 Year Review of the past cleanup activities at Ellsworth Air Force Base. We have reviewed the documentation that the Air Force has provided to us related to this review and we concur with the findings. I understand that Mr. Dell Petersen has been instrumental in facilitating this effort and I want to offer my personal thanks to him for guiding this effort through our respective organizations. As my staff explained to you in prior meetings, the 5 Year Review is an important document as it summarizes all of the cleanup efforts to date and determines if they are protective of the public and environment. Again thank you to you and your staff for helping us achieve this important milestone. Sincerely Max H. Dodson Assistant Regional Administrator Office of Ecosystems Protection and Remediation Cc: JeffMashburn Joane Lineberg, SDDENR Dell Petersen, EAFB EPA CONCURRENCE with the ELLSWORTH AIR FORCE BASE FIVE-YEAR REVIEW SEPTEMBER 2005 In accordance with Section 121 of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), as amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA); and the Federal Facilities Agreement (FFA) signed January, 1992, Ellsworth Air Force Base (EAFB) is required to conduct a five year review of any remedial actions which result in any hazardous substances, pollutants, or contaminants remaining at the site, to assure that human health and the environment are being protected by the remedial actions being implemented. On September 27, EAFB submitted its five year review to the US EPA Region 8 office and the South Dakota Department of Environment and Natural Resources (SDDENR). In consultation with the SDDENR, EPA has reviewed this five year review and concurs with the findings made herein. CONCURRENCE: Max H. Dodson Assistant Regional Administrator Date Office of Ecosystems Protection and Remediation ^•sNj EsrthlBc_ II.T nU smte293033 Campuo s Drive PF 753.551.249763.551.10091 Minneapolis, m 55441 www.earthtech.com October 11, 2005 Ms. Deb Morrissey Program Manager Attn: CENWO-PM-HC (Morrissey) 106 South 15th Street Omaha, Nebraska 68102-1618 Subject: Contract DACA45-03-D-0032, Delivery Order 22, WAD 9 Ellsworth AFB, South Dakota Five Year Review Serial Letter ERS-22-RD-103 FXBM 20057001 Dear Ms. Morrissey: We have assembled bound copies of the final Five Year Review that was approved by EPA in September. Three copies are enclosed. The document is being distributed as noted in the cc list below. We also are providing an electronic version of the report to Dell Petersen; to Leo Oserow of TechLaw so that it will be added to the Administrative Record which TechLaw is currently updating; and to Joy Lozano at AFCEE. This electronic version includes both appendices. Thank you. Sincerely, Keith J. Ande^fon, P.E. Project Manager file: 84610/09.2010 Attachments cc: Dell Petersen (3 copies plus electronic files on CD) Tim Pavek (1 copy) John DeYoe (1 copy) Jim Haggins (1 copy) Joane Lineburg (1 copy) Jeff Mashburn (2 copies plus electronic files on CD) Bob Todd (1 copy) Joy Lozano (2 copies plus electronic files on CD) Leo Oserow (electronic files on CD) Dwight Pochant (1 Copy) uwoRK\ERS>846io\wp>.SERiAU-E—ERs\ERS-22-RD-i03.Doc FINAL FIVE-YEAR REVIEW ELLSWORTH AFB, SOUTH DAKOTA UNITED STATES AIR FORCE AIR COMBAT COMMAND SEPTEMBER 23,2005 FXBM 20047001 Ellsworth Air force Base Final Five-Year Review TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page EPA CONCURRENCE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW 1 1.2 REVIEW PROCESS 1 1.3 BASE CLOSURE CONSIDERATIONS 2 2.0 SITE CHRONOLOGY 3 3.0 BACKGROUND 8 3.1 BASEW1DE 8 3.2 OPERABLE UNIT 1 FIRE PROTECTION TRAINING AREA (FPTA) 10 3.2.1 Physical Setting 10 3.2.2 Land and Resource Use 11 3.2.3 History of Contamination 12 3.2.4 Initial Response 13 3.3 OPERABLE UNIT 2 LANDFILL 1 AND LANDFILL 6 13 3.3.1 Physical Setting 13 3.3.2 Land and Resource Use 14 3.3.3 History of Contamination 15 3.3.4 Initial Response 17 3.4 OPERABLE UNIT 3 LANDFILL 2 17 3.4.1 Physical Setting 17 3.4.2 Land and Resource use 17 3.4.3 History of Contamination 17 3.4.4 Initial Response 19 3.5 OPERABLE UNIT 4 LANDFILL 3 19 3.5.1 Physical Setting 19 3.5.2 Land and Resource Use 20 3.5.3 History of Contamination 20 3.5.4 Initial Response 23 3.6 OPERABLE UNIT 5 LANDFILL 4 23 3.6.1 Physical Setting 23 3.6.2 Land and Resource Use 23 3.6.3 History of Contamination 24 3.6.4 Initial Response 25 3.7. OPERABLE UNIT 6 LANDFILL 5 25 3.7.1 Physical Setting 25 3.7.2 Land and Resource Use 25 3.7.3 History of Contamination 26 3.7.4 Initial Response 26 3.8 OPERABLE UNIT 7 WEAPONS STORAGE AREA 27 L:\WORK£RSW10\WP\EAFBFINAL 5-YEARSEP 23 2005 FINALDOC i September 2005 Ells\vorth Air Force Base Final Five-Year Review TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) Section Page 3.8.1 Physical Setting 27 3.8.2 Land and Resource Use 27 3.8.3 History of Contamination 27 3.8.4 Initial Response 28 3.9 OPERABLE UNIT 8 EXPLOSIVE ORDNANCE DISPOSAL AREA 28 3.9.1 Physical Setting 28 3.9.2 Land and Resource Use 29 3.9.3 History of Contamination 29 3.9.4 Initial Response 30 3.10 OPERABLE UNIT 9 31 3.10.1 Physical Setting 31 3.10.2 Land and Resource Use 31 3.10.3 History of Contamination 32 3.10.4 Initial Response 33 3.11 OPERABLE UNIT 10 NORTH HANGER COMPLEX 33 3.11.1 Physical Setting 33 3.11.2 Land and Resource Use 33 3.11.3 History of Contamination 33 3.11.4 Initial Response 34 3.12 OPERABLE UNIT 11 BASEWIDE GROUND WATER 34 3.12.1 Physical Setting 34 3.12.2 Land and Resource Use 35 3.12.3 History of Contamination 35 3.12.4 Initial Response 37 3.13 OPERABLE UNIT 12 HARDFILL 1 37 3.13.1 Physical Setting 37 3.13.2 Land and Resource Use 38 3.13.3 History of Contamination 38 3.13.4 Initial Response 39 3.14 FLIGHTLINE REFUELING AREA 39 3.14.1 Physical Setting 40 3.14.2 Land and Resource Use 40 3.14.3 History of Contamination 40 3.14.4 Initial Response 41 3.15 OFF-BASE JP-4 SOUTH OF OPERABLE UNIT 2 41 3.15.1 Physical Setting 41 3.15.2 Land and Resource Use 42 3.15.3 History of Contamination 42 3.15.4 Initial Response 42 4.0 REMEDIAL ACTIONS 43 4.1 REMEDY SELECTION 43 4.1.1 Operable Unit 1 43 4.1.2 Operable Unit 2 48 L:\WORK\ERSW610\WP\EAFB FINAL 5-YEAR SEP 23 2005 FINALDOC H September 2005 Ells\vorth Air Force Base Final Five-Year Review TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) Section Page 4.1.3 Operable Unit 3 48 4.1.4 Operable Unit 4 49 4.1.5 Operable Unit 5 49 4.1.6 Operable Unit 6 50 4.1.7 Operable Unit 7 50 4.1.8 Operable Unit 8 51 4.1.9 Operable Unit 9 52 4.1.10 Operable Unit 10 52 4.1.11 Operable Unit 11 52 4.1.12 Operable Unit 12 53 4.1.13 Flightline Refueling Area 54 4.1.14 Off-Base JP-4 South of Operable Unit 2 54 4.1.5 North Docks 54 4.2 REMEDIAL ACTION IMPLEMENTATION 54 4.3 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES 55 4.3.1 Operation and Maintenance Procedures 55 4.3.2 Summary of System Downtime and Operation and Maintenance Issues 63 4.4 SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION 63 4.4.1 Operable Unit 1 63 4.4.2 Operable Unit 4 64 4.4.3 Operable Unit 11 64 4.4.4 JP-4 65 4.4.5 Flightline Refueling Area 65 4.4.6 North Docks 65 5.0 FIVE-YEAR REVIEW PROCESS 70 5.1 TEAM MEMBERS 70 5.2 DOCUMENT REVIEW 70 5.3 FIVE-YEAR REVIEW TASKS 73 6.0 FIVE-YEAR REVIEW FINDINGS 74 6.1 CHANGES IN STANDARDS AND TO BE CONSIDERED CRITERIA 74 6.2 CHANGES IN EXPOSURE PATHWAYS 74 6.3 TOXICITY AND OTHER CONTAMINANT CHARACTERISTICS 75 7.0 ASSESSMENT 91 7.1 REMEDY OPERATION 91 7.1.1 HASP and Contingency Plan 91 7.1.2 Institutional Controls and Other Measures 91 7.1.3 Remedial Action Performance 91 7.1.4 Operation and Maintenance 94 7.1.5 Operation and Maintenance Costs 94 L:\WOR13ERS\84610\WP\EAFB FINAL 5-YEAR SF.P 23 2005 F1NALDOC Hi September 2005 Ellsworth Air Force Base Final Five-Year Review TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) Section Page 7.1.6 Remedial Action Optimization 95 7.1.7 Indicators of Potential Failures 95 7.2 VALIDITY OF ASSUMPTIONS 96 7.2.1 Changes in TBC Criteria 96 7.2.2 Changes in Exposure Pathways 96 7.2.3 Changes in Toxicity and Contaminant Characteristics 96 7.2.4 Changes in Risk Assessment Method 97 8.0 DEFICIENCIES AND MODIFICATIONS 99 9.0 RECOMMENDATIONS AND FOLLOW-UP ACTIONS 100 9.1 RECOMMENDATIONS FROM 2000 FIVE-YEAR REVIEW 100 9.2 2005 FIVE-YEAR REVIEW RECOMMENDATIONS 102 9.2.1 OU-1 102 9.2.2 OU-2 102 9.2.3 OU-3, OU-5, OU-6, OU-8, and OU-12 103 9.2.4 OU-4 103 9.2.5 OU-7 103 9.2.6 OU-9 104 9.2.7 OU-10 104 9.2.8 OU-11 104 9.2.9 Flightline Refueling Area (SS-08, ST-10, ST-14) 106 9.2.10 JP-4 Jet Fuel Release 106 9.2.11 North Docks 106 10.0 PROTECTIVENESS STATEMENTS 107 10.1 OU-1 107 10.2 OU-2 107 10.3 OU-3 107 10.4 OU-4 107 10.5 OU-5 108 10.6 OU-6 108 10.7 OU-7 108 10.8 OU-8 109 10.9 OU-9 109 10.10 OU-10 109 10.11 OU-11 109 10.12 OU-12 109 11.0 NEXT REVIEW 110 12.0 MISCELLANEOUS COMMENTS Ill L:\WORK\ERSW610\WP\EAFB FINAL 5-YEAR SEP 23 2005 F1NALDOC IV September 2005 Ellsworth Air Force Base Final five-Year Review LIST OF TABLES Table Page 2-1 History of Installation Operations at EAFB 4 2-2 Key Regulatory Actions Impacting EAFB 6 2-3 Site Closure Status 7 4-1 Summary of Applied Remedial Alternatives for EAFB 44 4-2 OU-1 Clean-Up Goals, Soils (ug/kg) 46 4-3 OU-1 Clean-Up Goals, Ground Water (ug/L) 47 4-4 Remedy Implementation 57 4-5 Summary of Operational Downtime