Alexei Krindatch ([email protected]), National Coordinator Census of Orthodox Christian Churches / 2020 US Religion Census US Religion Census 2020: www.orthodoxreality.org Dramatic Changes in American Orthodox Churches. Contents: To Catch Your Interest: Examples of What the 2020 Census of American Orthodox Churches Revealed p. 2 About this Report: Presented Data and Their Inclusiveness p. 3 Orthodox Christian Churches in the USA in 2020: National Overview p. 5 Eastern and Oriental Orthodox Christian Churches: Church‐by‐Church Data on Parishes, Membership and Worship Attendance p. 10 From 2010 to 2020: A Decade of Dramatic Gains and Losses in American Orthodox Churches p. 18 Monk's Lagoon, Spruce Island, Alaska 1 To Catch Your Interest: Examples of What the 2020 Census of American Orthodox Churches Revealed If measured by the number of all adherents (regular attendees plus occasional and marginal participants, adults plus children), in 2020, the estimated membership in all Eastern Orthodox Churches in the USA was 675,765, and it was 491,413 in all Oriental Orthodox Churches. Looking only at the number of regular attendees,1 the estimated membership for all Eastern Orthodox Churches was 183,020 versus 171,045 for all Oriental Orthodox Churches. Between 2010 and 2020, Eastern Orthodox Churches have suffered significant membership losses: they declined by 17% in total adherents and by 14% in regular attendees. In stark contrast, Oriental Orthodox Churches have grown substantially in both total adherents (+67%) and regular attendees (+59%). However, these overall trends in membership were more nuanced when looking at individual Church bodies. This report examines and presents the 2010‐2020 membership changes in fourteen Eastern and nine Oriental Orthodox Churches. US Orthodox Churches vary greatly in terms of how many of their parishioners attend church regularly. Among the Eastern Orthodox Churches, the best “church‐goers” are in the Holy Orthodox Church in North America and the American Carpatho‐Russian Orthodox Diocese. More than half of their total adherents (57% and 51% respectively) attend services on a regular basis. On the opposite extreme are Albanian Orthodox Diocese, Serbian Orthodox Church, Patriarchal Parishes of Moscow Patriarchate, and Macedonian Orthodox Diocese: no more than one‐fifth of parishioners worship in their churches regularly. Among Oriental Orthodox, the Knanaya Churches stand out for high percentage of regular attendees: 71%. On the contrary, in the Armenian Apostolic Church (both Catholicosate Cilicia and Etchmiadzin), only about one‐tenth of adherents come to church regularly. More than one‐third Oriental Orthodox parishes (35%) are new, established since 2010, in comparison with one‐in‐ten (10%) in the case of Eastern Orthodox Churches. Among Oriental Orthodox Churches, three have especially high percentage of parishes newly formed since 2010: the Ethiopian Orthodox Church (49% of all parishes are new since 2010), Coptic Orthodox Church (43%), and Eritrean Orthodox Church (36%). Four Eastern Orthodox Churches also stand out for having a high share of new parishes added since 2010: the Church of the Genuine Orthodox Christians (72% of all parishes are new since 2010), Georgian Orthodox Church (50%), Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia (32%), and Bulgarian Orthodox Diocese (29%). 1 For definitions of “adherents” and “regular attendees,” see the section About This Report: Presented Data and Their Inclusiveness 2 © Alexei Krindatch, "US Religion Census 2020: Dramatic Changes in American Orthodox Churches" About This Report: Presented Data and Their Inclusiveness This report presents the results of the Second National Census of American Orthodox Christian Churches, conducted in 2020. It offers diverse information on parishes, total membership, and worship attendance of both the Eastern and Oriental Orthodox Churches in the United States. It also describes significant changes in American Orthodox Christianity that have occurred since the First Census in 2010. As we will see on the following pages, during the decade of 2010‐2020, some US Orthodox Churches have grown exponentially while others have experienced sharp declines. Both the 2010 and 2020 studies were part of a much larger US Religion Census which collected data on all American religious congregations. Information gathered by the US Religion Census is publicly available at: www.usreligioncensus.org In both the 2010 and 2020 Census, we approached local Orthodox parishes and asked two questions:2 How many individual persons in total are involved in the life of your parish? Include in this number adults and children, regular and occasional attendees, paid stewards and persons who do not contribute financially. Approximately how many persons – including both adults and children – attend liturgy in your parish on a typical (not festive) Sunday? The answer to the first question gives information on the number of all adherents. This is the most inclusive category of membership that reflects the total number of persons involved – some regularly and some occasionally – in the life of the local parish community. The answer to the second question indicates the number of regular attendees – the number of parishioners who participate in the life of a parish on a regular weekly basis. The percentage of regular attendees among total adherents can be seen as a measure of church commitment among parishioners. In essence, it shows the size of the “membership nucleus” formed by regularly involved people versus the remaining parishioners who participate only occasionally or marginally. With regard to the second question, it should also be mentioned that some data were gathered before the lock‐ downs and limitations in worship services imposed by the COVID‐19 pandemic. For parishes that gave their information during the pandemic, respondents were asked to provide information on worship attendance prior to COVID‐19. As a result, 2010 and 2020 data on worship attendance are fully comparable and reflect the normal pre‐pandemic situation. 2 In most cases, the local parish clergy served as respondents and answered these questions 3 © Alexei Krindatch, "US Religion Census 2020: Dramatic Changes in American Orthodox Churches" The following table lists the American Orthodox Christian Churches that participated in the 2010 and 2020 Censuses. It should be noted that some of these Church‐bodies have parishes both in and outside the USA. However, all data gathered in the 2010 and 2020 Censuses and presented in this report refer exclusively to their parishes in the United States. Eastern Orthodox Churches Participation Oriental Orthodox Churches Participation 2010 2020 2010 2020 Albanian Orthodox Diocese Yes Yes Armenian Apostolic Church Yes Yes (Catholicosate of Cilicia) American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese Yes Yes Armenian Apostolic Church Yes Yes of the USA (Catholicosate of Etchmiadzin) Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of Yes Yes Coptic Orthodox Church Yes Yes North America Bulgarian Eastern Orthodox Diocese of the Yes Yes Ethiopian Orthodox Church Yes(**) Yes USA, Canada and Australia Church of the Genuine Orthodox Christians (*) No Yes Eritrean Orthodox Church Yes Yes Georgian Orthodox Church in North America Yes Yes Knanaya Churches in the USA No Yes Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America Yes Yes Malankara Archdiocese of the Syrian Yes Yes Orthodox Church Holy Orthodox Church in North America (*) Yes Yes Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church Yes Yes Macedonian Orthodox Diocese (*) Yes Yes Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch Yes Yes Orthodox Church in America Yes Yes Patriarchal Parishes of Moscow Patriarchate Yes Yes Romanian Orthodox Metropolia of the Yes Yes Americas Serbian Orthodox Church in North, Central Yes Yes and South America Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the USA Yes Yes (*) - Eastern Orthodox Churches of irregular status. They are not part of the “Assembly of Canonical Bishops of the United States of America” and are seen by the latter as “non-canonical” (not valid). (**) – in the 2010 Census the data on the Ethiopian Orthodox Church were limited to location of its parishes. At that time, we were unable to obtain information on membership and worship attendance. In terms of the completeness of data gathered in the 2020 Census, in the vast majority of cases, we were able to obtain information on all or nearly all parishes of various American Orthodox Churches. The two exceptions are the Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese and the Eritrean Orthodox Church. In the case of the Antiochian Archdiocese, 85% of the parishes provided information. For the missing 15% of parishes, this report employs their data from the 2010 Census. For the Eritrean Orthodox Church, only 60% of the parishes responded. In order to present national results for the Eritrean Church, we extrapolated the obtained information into the remaining 40% of parishes. Finally, it should be noted that this report simply presents the data as reported by the parishes. We do not attempt to explain or comment on the causes of changes (i.e., growth or decline) in American Orthodox Churches that have occurred since the previous Census (2010). 4 © Alexei Krindatch, "US Religion Census 2020: Dramatic Changes in American Orthodox Churches" Orthodox Christian Churches in the USA in 2020: National Overview If measured by the number of all adherents (regular attendees plus occasional/marginal participants, adults plus children), in 2020, the estimated membership in all Eastern Orthodox