Final Report Volume I of II Executive Summary April 2013 Bangladesh Bridge Authority Feasibility Study for Multi-Lane Road Tunnel under the River Karnaphuli, Chittagong, Bangladesh Final Report Volume I of II : Executive Summary Issue 1 | April 2013 China Communications Constructions Company Ltd. No. 85, Deshengmenwai Street, Beijing(100088), China Tel +86-10-82016835 Fax +86-10-82016544 www.ccccltd.cn Ove Arup & Partners Hong Kong Ltd Level 5, Festival Walk, 80 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Tel +852 2528 3031 Fax +852 2268 3970 www.arup.com This report takes into account the particular instructions and requirements of our client. It is not intended for and should not be relied Local Subconsultant: DevConsultants Limited upon by any third party and no responsibility is House 4, Road 13, Baridhara, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh. undertaken to any third party. Tel: +880-2-8829415, 8822113, 8823228 Fax: +880-2-8826305 www.devconbd.com Document Verification Job title Feasibility Study for Multi-Lane Road Tunnel under Job number the River Karnaphuli, Chittagong, Bangladesh Document title Executive Summary of Final Report File reference Document ref Final Revision Date Filename Bangladesh Tunnel Final Report _Executive Summary.docx Issue 1 15/04/13 Description Executive Summary Prepared by Checked by Approved by Name Jing Yu/David Lin, et al Wei Liang/Gary Ge Xiaohong Guo Signature Filename Description Prepared by Checked by Approved by Name Signature Filename Description Prepared by Checked by Approved by Name Signature Filename Description Prepared by Checked by Approved by Name Signature Issue Document Verification with Document Executive Summary | Issue 1 | Apr 2013 Bangladesh Bridge Authority Feasibility Study for Multi-Lane Road Tunnel under the River Karnaphuli, Chittagong, Bangladesh Executive Summary of Final Report Contents Page SUMMARY 1 1. INTRODUCTION 7 1.1 Project Background 7 1.2 Scope of Services 9 1.3 Technical Codes and Standards 9 2. SITE CONDITION 10 2.1 Chittagong District 10 2.2 Climate 11 2.3 Topography 11 2.4 Geology 12 2.5 Hydrology 14 2.6 Hydrogeology 15 2.7 Regional Seismic Effect 15 3. TRAFFIC SURVEY, ANALYSIS AND FORECAST 16 3.1 Review of Current Transportation Network in Chittagong and Bangladesh 16 3.2 Traffic Survey, Analysis and Forecast 17 3.3 The Hierarchy of Tunnel Road and Design Speed 19 3.4 Analysis of Service Level and Lane Requirement of Tunnel 20 3.4.1 Lane Requirement of Tunnel 20 3.4.2 Level of Service of Tunnel 20 3.5 Summary 20 4. TUNNEL ALIGNMENT SELECTION 21 4.1 Study of Possible Alignment Locations 21 4.2 Detailed Comparison of Tunnel Alignments 25 4.2.1 Detailed Study of Alignment A 25 4.2.2 Detailed Study of Alignment B 27 4.2.3 Detailed Study of Alignment C 29 4.2.4 Comprehensive Comparison among Alignment Options 31 5. DETAILED INVESTIGATION AND SURVEY 37 5.1 General 37 5.2 Topographic Survey 37 5.3 Hydrographic Survey and Investigation 37 5.3.1 Scope of Survey 37 5.3.2 Bathymetric Map 37 Executive Summary | Issue 1 | Apr 2013 Bangladesh Bridge Authority Feasibility Study for Multi-Lane Road Tunnel under the River Karnaphuli, Chittagong, Bangladesh Executive Summary of Final Report 5.4 Geological and Geotechnical Investigation 38 5.4.1 Objectives and Scopes 38 5.4.2 Geological Investigation 38 5.4.3 Geotechnical Investigation 51 5.4.4 Groundwater Investigation 54 5.5 Hydrological Survey and Investigation 59 5.5.1 Scope 59 5.5.2 Data Collection 59 5.6 Seismic Characteristics of the Area 61 5.6.1 General 61 5.6.2 Review of Seismic Characteristics 61 6. PRELIMINARY TUNNEL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION 64 6.1 Technical Criteria 64 6.2 Selection of Construction Standard and Technical Specification 64 6.2.1 Selection of Technical Specifications 64 6.2.2 Clearance and Cross-section 64 6.2.3 Selection of Shield-driven Tunnel Section Type 68 6.3 Geological Profiles along Tunnel Alignment 68 6.4 Selection of Tunnel Construction Method 69 6.4.1 Shield-driven Tunnel Scheme 69 6.5 Design of Tunnel Structure 70 6.5.1 Design of Shield-driven Structure 70 6.5.2 Structural Design of Working Shaft 74 6.5.3 Structural Design of Bank Side Sections 77 6.5.4 Waterproofing Design of Tunnel 83 6.5.5 Tunnel Durability Design 86 6.5.6 Seismic Design of Tunnel 89 6.5.7 Measures for Flooding, Global Warming and Extreme Climates 91 6.6 Traffic Engineering and Facilities along the Alignment 92 6.6.1 Tunnel Traffic Engineering 92 6.6.2 Toll Station and Traffic Facilities along the Alignment 95 6.7 Additional Suggestions with Tunnel Construction Scheme 99 6.8 Summary 99 7. PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATE 100 7.1 General 100 7.2 Unit Rates 100 7.2.1 Unit Rate of Materials 100 7.2.2 Charges for Machinery Use 100 7.2.3 Labour 100 Executive Summary | Issue 1 | Apr 2013 Bangladesh Bridge Authority Feasibility Study for Multi-Lane Road Tunnel under the River Karnaphuli, Chittagong, Bangladesh Executive Summary of Final Report 7.2.4 Purchasing Cost of Tunnel Equipment 101 7.2.5 Purchasing Cost of Office and House Furnishings 101 7.2.6 Taxes and Profit 101 7.2.7 Requirements on Contractors 101 7.3 Project Construction Cost 101 7.3.1 Costs of Construction of the Project 101 7.3.2 Project Investment Scheduling 102 7.3.3 Loan Interest in Construction Period 102 7.3.4 Reserved Fund 102 7.4 Maintenance Cost 102 7.5 Operation Cost 102 7.6 Conclusions 103 8. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT PLAN 104 8.1 Scope 104 8.2 Methodology 104 8.3 Consultation during Feasibility Study 104 8.4 Environmental Impact Assessment 105 8.4.1 Approach 105 8.4.2 Findings from Environmental Impact Assessment 115 8.4.3 Impacts and Mitigations 116 8.5 Environmental Mitigation Plan 117 8.5.1 Objective 117 8.5.2 Proposed Environmental Management Measures 117 8.5.3 Roles of BBA safeguard unit for EMP Implementation 124 8.5.4 EMP Cost 124 8.6 Climate Change 126 8.7 Conclusions 127 9. ASSESSMENT ON RESETTLEMENT REQUIREMENTS AND PREPARATION OF ACTION PLAN 129 9.1 Scope and Objectives 129 9.2 Methodology 129 9.3 Land Acquisition and Resettlement 131 9.3.1 Scope of Land Acquisition 131 9.3.2 Resettlement and Other Impacts 131 9.3.3 Significance of Impact 132 9.3.4 Special Measures for Vulnerable Groups 132 9.4 Legal and Policy Framework 133 9.4.1 Policy on Involuntary Resettlement 133 9.4.2 Types of Losses and Impact Category 133 9.4.3 Principles, Legal and Policy Commitments 133 Executive Summary | Issue 1 | Apr 2013 Bangladesh Bridge Authority Feasibility Study for Multi-Lane Road Tunnel under the River Karnaphuli, Chittagong, Bangladesh Executive Summary of Final Report 9.4.4 Eligibility Policy and Entitlement Matrix 134 9.5 Resettlement Action Plan 135 9.5.1 Relocation Resettlement and Income Restoration 135 9.5.2 Implementation Arrangements 139 9.5.3 Resettlement and Compensation Costs and Budget 140 9.5.4 RAP Implementation Schedule 142 9.5.5 Grievance Redress Mechanism 144 9.5.6 Monitoring and Evaluation 144 9.6 Conclusions 145 10. LAND ACQUISITION PLAN 146 10.1 Time Frame for Land Acquisition 146 10.2 Land Acquisition 146 10.2.1 Scope of Work 146 10.2.2 Approach and Methodology 147 10.3 Land Acquisition Investigation & Assessment 147 10.3.1 Submission of Land Acquisition Plan to Deputy Commissioner 147 10.3.2 Land Acquisition by Mouza 148 10.3.3 Property Valuation Survey 148 10.3.4 Land Acquisition Budget 149 10.3.5 Disclosure and Public Consultation 149 10.3.6 Compensation Payment Procedure to the Affected Persons 150 10.4 Conclusions and Recommendations 152 11. SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS ASSESSMENT 154 11.1 Socio-Economic Profile of East Area of the Karnaphuli River154 11.1.1 Overview 154 11.1.2 Population 155 11.1.3 Land Use Distribution 155 11.1.4 Economic Conditions 156 11.1.5 Transport and Connection 156 11.1.6 Proposed Development 156 11.2 Social Impact Assessment 158 11.2.1 Introduction 158 11.2.2 Impact on GDP 158 11.2.3 Employment Impact 158 11.2.4 Local Employment Impact 158 11.2.5 Localised Impact on the Unemployment Rate 159 11.2.6 Poverty Reduction 159 11.2.7 Population 160 11.2.8 Mobility and Accessibility 161 11.2.9 Land Acquisition 161 Executive Summary | Issue 1 | Apr 2013 Bangladesh Bridge Authority Feasibility Study for Multi-Lane Road Tunnel under the River Karnaphuli, Chittagong, Bangladesh Executive Summary of Final Report 11.3 Economic Impact Assessment 161 11.3.1 Introduction 161 11.3.2 The With and Without Project Cases 161 11.3.3 Cost Summary 162 11.3.4 Economic Benefits 162 11.3.5 Economic Evaluation 167 11.4 Summary and Conclusions 169 12. FINANCIAL ASSESSMENT AND OPTIMUM TOLL RATE DETERMINATION 171 12.1 Introduction 171 12.1.1 Objectives 171 12.1.2 Limitations 171 12.2 Financial Analysis Assumptions 171 12.2.1 Introduction 171 12.2.2 Overview of Approach 172 12.2.3 Key Assumptions 172 12.2.4 Costs 172 12.2.5 Revenues 172 12.3 Financial Analysis Results 173 12.3.1 Financial Viability Analysis 173 12.3.2 Key Findings 173 12.3.3 Cash Flow Analysis 174 12.3.4 Sensitivity Tests 176 12.4 Summary of Findings 178 13.