DRAFT REPORT Cultural Resource Investigations for the Milburnie Dam Mitigation Bank Project Wake County, North Carolina North Carolina Environmental Review (ER) #06-3114 Lead Federal Agency - US Army Corps of Engineers Action ID SAW-2010-0020 Prepared for: Restoration Systems LLC 1101 Haynes Street Suite 211 Raleigh, NC 27604 Prepared by: Deborah Joy, MA, RPA Legacy Research Associates 3333 Durham-Chapel Hill Boulevard Suite A-100 Durham, NC 27707 June 27, 2014 1 Cultural Resource Investigations for the Milburnie Dam Mitigation Bank Project Wake County, North Carolina North Carolina Environmental Review (ER) #06-3114 US Army Corps of Engineers Action ID SAW-2010-0020 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................iii LIST OF TABLES.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................vii MANAGEMENT SUMMARY..................................................................................................................................................................................................viii Archaeological Site 31WA1625/1625** - Milburnie East....................................................................... viii Archaeological Site 31WA1872/1872** - Milburnie West........................................................................ix Archaeological Site 31WA1873** .................................................................................................................x Architectural Resource WA1677 (Milburnie Dam) .....................................................................................xi Architectural Resource WA4330 (Bridge Piers) .........................................................................................xii INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................1 Summary of Historic Site Occupation ..........................................................................................................1 North Carolina SHPO Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) Review.................1 Lead Federal Agency - US Army Corps of Engineers Initial Evaluation ....................................................2 Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Involvement ....................................................................2 Proposed Undertaking ...................................................................................................................................4 Milburnie East..............................................................................................................................................4 Milburnie West ............................................................................................................................................4 Mitigation Plan................................................................................................................................................7 Cultural Resource Study Area .......................................................................................................................7 EXISTING CONDITIONS ............................................................................................................................................................................................................9 Milburnie Dam Property.................................................................................................................................9 Neuse River Greenway Trail...........................................................................................................................9 Raleigh Parks Property...................................................................................................................................9 Sanitary Sewer Lines.....................................................................................................................................10 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING...............................................................................................................................................................................................11 Topography...................................................................................................................................................11 Hydrology......................................................................................................................................................11 Geology .........................................................................................................................................................12 Soils ...............................................................................................................................................................13 Congaree Series ........................................................................................................................................14 Wake Series................................................................................................................................................14 Wehadkee/Bibb Series..............................................................................................................................14 Climate ..........................................................................................................................................................15 Vegetation .....................................................................................................................................................15 CULTURAL CONTEXT..............................................................................................................................................................................................................17 Prehistoric Overview.....................................................................................................................................17 Paleoindian Period ....................................................................................................................................17 Archaic Period ...........................................................................................................................................17 Woodland Period.......................................................................................................................................19 Contact-Era Overview ..................................................................................................................................21 Historic Overview .........................................................................................................................................21 i Cultural Resource Investigations for the Milburnie Dam Mitigation Bank Project Wake County, North Carolina North Carolina Environmental Review (ER) #06-3114 US Army Corps of Engineers Action ID SAW-2010-0020 Roads .............................................................................................................................................................23 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY..............................................................................................................................................................................................25 Background Research...................................................................................................................................25 Archaeological Survey..................................................................................................................................25 Surface Inspection ....................................................................................................................................26 Subsurface Investigations ........................................................................................................................26 Artifact Analysis and Curation ....................................................................................................................26 Report ............................................................................................................................................................27 NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES EVALUATION ...................................................................................................................28 PREVIOUSLY RECORDED CULTURAL RESOURCES .........................................................................................................................................29 Previous Cultural Resources Investigations...............................................................................................29 Previously Recorded Architectural Resources ...........................................................................................33 Previously Recorded Archaeological Resources........................................................................................33 HISTORY OF MILBURNIE DAM.........................................................................................................................................................................................35