University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Masters Theses Dissertations and Theses July 2015 Publishing Networks in Edo Japan Hisako Kobayashi University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2 Part of the Japanese Studies Commons Recommended Citation Kobayashi, Hisako, "Publishing Networks in Edo Japan" (2015). Masters Theses. 230. https://doi.org/10.7275/7099898 https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2/230 This Open Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PUBLISHING NETWORKS IN EDO JAPAN A Thesis Presented by HISAKO KOBAYASHI Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Masters of Arts May 2015 Japanese Language, Literature, and Culture © Copyright by Hisako Kobayashi 2015 All Rights Reserved PUBLISHING NETWORKS IN EDO JAPAN A Thesis Presented by HISAKO KOBAYASHI Approved as to style and content by: ____________________________________ Stephen M. Forrest, Chair ____________________________________ Sharon Domier, Member ____________________________________ Reiko Sono, Member ____________________________________ William Moebius, Chair Department of Languages, Literatures, & Cultures DEDICATION To my dearest husband, Ronald H. Ruffle, who encouraged me to keep moving forward. He passed away on November 14, 2014, at 10:20 p.m. during this thesis project. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my advisor, Stephen Forrest, for very productive and thoughtful guidance and support for two years. Many thanks are due to my other advisor, Sharon Domier, who gave me advice as well as abundant information over two years. Also I would like to extend my gratitude to the member of my committee, Reiko Sono, for her helpful comments and suggestions. I would like to express my appreciation to all individuals who supported this project. v ABSTRACT PUBLISHING NETWORKS IN EDO JAPAN MAY 2015 HISAKO KOBAYASHI, B.A., WASEDA UNIVERSITY M.I.A., SCHOOL FOR INTERNATIONAL TRAINING M.I.S., STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK ALBANY M.A., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Directed by Professor Stephen Forrest The publishing business in the Edo period (1603 – 1868) was very unique since it was divided into two genres: shomotsu mononohon and jihon kusazōshi. Publishers had their specialties and their business strategies varied. In this research paper, I examine the publishing strategies from the view of the network system. First, I state the definition of this network. Next, I study the publishing history of the Edo period to gain a general understanding. Lastly, I examine the network systems of the shomotsu publishers and the jihon kusazōshi publishers. I use examples from Tsutaya Jūzaburō, Suharaya Mohē, Tsuruya Kiemon, the Torii School and the Utagawa School. In the end, the readers will understand the various networks had the roles to energize the Edo community, and each network was indispensable among the whole big network system. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................... ⅴ ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................. ⅵ LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................... ⅷ CHAPTER 1. THE NETWORK AND ITS DEFINITION: REN .................................................... 1 2. A BRIEF HISTORY OF PUBLISHING IN THE EDO PERIOD ........................... 7 3．THE EDO PUBLISHERS AND THEIR NETWORKS ......................................... 13 A. Tsutaya Jūzaburō ............................................................................................ 13 B. Shomotsu Publisher: Suharaya Mohē ............................................................. 28 C. Jihon Kusazōshi and Shomotsu Publisher: Tsuruya Kiemon ......................... 30 D. Torii art school, Utagawa art school, and the Publishing Business ............... 35 1. Kabuki history in Edo City ...................................................................... 36 2. Torii School ............................................................................................. 38 3. Utagawa School ...................................................................................... 42 4. CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................ 50 APPENDICES A. Tsutaya Jūzaburō the First’s publications (1774 – 1797) ...................................... 56 B. Tsutaya Jūzaburō the First’s Collaboration Works (1774 – 1797) ........................ 88 C. Publishers Collaborating with Tsutaya Jūzaburō the First (1774 – 1797) .............. 91 D. Genre and Publishers Collaborating with Tsutaya Jūzaburō (1798 – 1843) .......... 94 E. Tsuruya Kiemon’s publications, listed in Eiri yomihon gedai kagami. ................ 100 F. Publishers commissioned Toyokuni the First ...................................................... 102 G. Publishers commissioned Kunisada the First ....................................................... 103 H. Publishers commissioned Toyokuni, Kunisada, Kuniyoshi and Hiroshige .......... 106 BIBLIOGRAPHY ....................................................................................................... 109 vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. Present Tokyo Taitō Ward ........................................................................................... 13 2. Present Tokyo 23 Wards .............................................................................................. 15 3. Present Tokyo Metropolitan Chūō Ward ..................................................................... 17 4. Shusse Sumidagawa Kiyonobu .................................................................................... 38 5. Ichikawa Danjūrō (1) Kiyomitsu ................................................................................. 39 6. Ichikawa Danjūrō (2) Kiyomitsu ................................................................................. 39 7. Shikan Toyokuni. ......................................................................................................... 42 8. Hanshirō Toyokuni ...................................................................................................... 42 9. Kōshirō Toyokuni ........................................................................................................ 42 10. Toyoharu ..................................................................................................................... 43 11. Yoshida Bungo Toyoharu ............................................................................................ 43 12. ranking list Toyoharu .................................................................................................. 43 13. kabuki theater Toyoharu ............................................................................................. 44 14. Utaemon Kunisada ...................................................................................................... 44 15. Danjūrō (1) Kunisada ................................................................................................. 44 16. Danjūrō (2) Kunisada ................................................................................................. 44 17. musha-e Kuniyoshi ..................................................................................................... 45 18. unknown actor Kuniyoshi ........................................................................................... 45 19. Sōta Kuniyoshi ............................................................................................................ 45 20. mudagaki Kuniyoshi ................................................................................................... 46 viii CHAPTER 1 THE NETWORK AND ITS DEFINITION: REN What is a network? This term, “network,” has a wide range of applications in Japanese. In order to have a common understanding between Japanese and English, I should clarify what “network” means in both languages before I start examining its definition in this paper. The search for a definition in the JapanKnowledge database yielded 357 definitions. In Shūeisha’s Imidas, I find “network” defined as a reticular organization, IT related structure, business related network, and woven craft products. In these terms, people cannot find human-related terms, so I should move on to find the other definitions in the English dictionary. People will find the follows in the Cambridge English Dictionary in JapanKnowledge. Noun: a large system consisting of many similar parts that are connected together to allow movement or communication between or along the parts or between the parts and a control centre. Verb: 1. To connect computers together so that they can share information. 2. To meet people who might be useful to know, especially in your job.1 Here, people will find the meaning of “network” in terms of human relations in the second definition of “network” as a verb, along with the physical term (i.e., build a network) in the other definitions. By analyzing these two resources, people will sense that “network” must be derived