IOP Conference Series:Digital Earth Repository and Environmental Universitas Science Jember PAPER • OPEN ACCESS Land Use Impact to Water Quality in Bedadung River, Indonesia To cite this article: Hendra Andiananta Pradana et al 2020 IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 477 012015 View the article online for updates and enhancements. This content was downloaded from IP address 103.241.204.4 on 27/07/2020 at 08:57 Digital Repository Universitas Jember Sustainable Urban Water International Seminar 2019 IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 477 (2020) 012015 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/477/1/012015 Land Use Impact to Water Quality in Bedadung River, Indonesia Hendra Andiananta Pradana1*, Elida Novita2, Idah Andriyani2, Bambang Herry Purnomo2 1Agricultural of Water Resource Management, Postgraduate, University of Jember, Jember Indonesia, 2Faculty of Agricultural Technology, University of Jember, Jember, Indonesia *e-mail: [email protected] Abstract. Bedadung River is one of the water sources in Jember Regency. However, the condition was in the category of polluted in heavy level at an urban area (i.e Sumbersari and Kaliwates Districts). Water quality monitoring was one method to pollution controlling efforts by the government and stakeholders. Water quality monitoring could be done with a. Water Pollution Index (WPI) described contaminating based on physical, chemical and biological parameters in the water. The focus of this research investigated land use impact for water quality of Bedadung River with Water Pollution Index (WPI) method. Water Pollution Index (WPI) used to input data consisting of physical, chemical and biological parameters. The parameters were physical, chemical, and biological. Sampling was carried out on 5 locations of the Bedadung River urban area segment (i.e Patrang, Sumbersari, and Kaliwates Districts) in 2016. Land use data was in 2010. The condition of the Bedadung River water quality in the urban segment in the lightly-moderately polluted category is based on the WPI with a value of 5.35-8.01 in the Bedadung River urban area segment (Patrang, Sumbersari, and Kaliwates District). Then it was supported mitigation and adaptation making for sustainability of water quality management by stakeholder and government in the urban area. Keyword: jember regency, urban area, water pollution index, impact 1. Introduction Pollution of water resources reduced water quality and access to clean water [1]. The consequence, this phenomenon was contamination of pollutants in the source of surface water. It impacted the poorness of water quality and aquatic ecosystem condition. Pollution occurs in several rivers in Indonesia. Some of the major rivers in Indonesia was polluted, such as the Citarum River, Brantas River and Ciliwung River [2][3][4]. It becomes one of national focus issue at Indonesia Country. The monitoring of river water quality based on assessing the condition of surface water sources. This step was used in consideration for water quality management in the sustainability of water resources and aquatic ecosystems [5][6]. The management of the quality and quantity of water resources on a watershed scale [7][8][31]. Bedadung Watershed covers urban areas in Jember Regency. Bedadung River is part of the watershed that crosses the urban segment of Jember Regency. The river has a vital function and role for the community and the government of Jember Regency [9] [10]. This river was used by the community for domestic activities such as bathing, washing, and latrines. Meanwhile, the Government of Jember Regency uses the Bedadung River water resources for irrigation and raw water sources [11][10][31]. One of the PDAM's raw water is taken from the Bedadung River. In 2015, PDAM water Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd 1 Digital Repository Universitas Jember Sustainable Urban Water International Seminar 2019 IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 477 (2020) 012015 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/477/1/012015 customers amounted to 1650 and each year it was predicted to rise [12]. So, The Bedadung River had an important role as a water source in Jember Regency. The land use affected the quality of surface water [13][14][15]. The settlements contributed to the value of TSS, COD, BOD, and Total E from urban activities. The E-Coli distribution from settlements greater than the agricultural area [16][17]. Empirical facts reveal that management poorness of domestic waste reduced water quality. The biggest risk of water pollution in rivers occurred in urban areas [18][13]. Uniform, Bedadung River that passes through urban areas based on the 2015 Jember Regency Master Plan (i.e District of Sumbersari and Kaliwates) in the category of heavily polluted and heavy metal contaminated. On the other hand, the river's Water Quality Index was classified as very low in 2016 with a value of 50.76[19][11]. The potential for pollution increased in Bedadung River. It caused sources of pollution from domestic and agricultural activities which were predicted to increase every year [11][20][31]. In addition, the Sumbersari and Kaliwates District had a greater than population than other District in the Jember Regency. The phenomenon of river water pollution decreased to access for clean water sustainably in Jember Regency. Water quality assessment was applied as a basis for controlling Bedadung River pollution. Assessment of river water quality was done by approaching water pollution conditions. This approach was with a quality index and water pollution based on Regulation refer to in Indonesian Government No. 82 in 2001 dan Indonesian Ministry of Environmental and Forestry No. 115 in 2003. The relationship between the water quality index was inversely proportional to the pollution index [21][22]. The application of a pollution index was applied to assess the presence of pollutants which were not permitted on water bodies. This simple method describes the condition of water quality and contamination of pollutants that had been applied to several rivers in Indonesia by linking land use and natural process [23][3]. Therefore, the focus of this research evaluated the water quality of Bedadung River based on water pollution index in the i.e Patrang, Sumbersari, and Kaliwates segment. 2. Study Method This research type was quantitative descriptive. It was done to assess water quality of Bedadung River in Urban Area used Water Pollution Index (WPI) refer to Indonesian Government No. 82 in 2001 dan Indonesian Ministry of Environmental and Forestry No. 115 in 2003. The secondary data of water quality was obtained Environmental Service of Jember Regency. The physical, chemical, and biological data were in 2016 (dry and rainy session). The physical parameters were temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS), and total solid suspended (TSS). The chemical parameters were pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO), cadmium, iron, copper, oil and fat, nitrate, phosphate, and chromium. The land use data at Bedadung Watershed was in 2014. Location sampling is represented in figure 1. Additionally, the description of the sampling location is mentioned in table 1. The methodology of this research was the data collecting, land use analysis, and Water Pollution Index (WPI) analysis. WPI approach used equation 1. (1) Where: WPI = Water Pollution Index (WPI) • Good : 0 ≤ WPI ≤ 1.0 • Lightly polluted : 1.0 < WPI ≤ 5,0 • Moderately polluted : 5.0 < WPI ≤ 10.0 • Heavily polluted : WPI > 10.0 Ci = The concentration of water quality measurement (ppm) Cij = The concentration of water quality in quality standard base on regulation (j) (Ci/Lij)M = The maximum value of Ci/Lij (Ci/Lij)R = Average value of Ci/Lij 2 Digital Repository Universitas Jember Sustainable Urban Water International Seminar 2019 IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 477 (2020) 012015 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/477/1/012015 Table 1. Sampling location Coordinate Point Locations District Longitude Latitude 1 Jl.Slamet Riyadi Patrang 113.7256520 -8.1497490 2 Jl. Mastrip Sumbersari 113.7121370 -8.1570250 3 Jl. Bengawan Solo Sumbersari 113.7068930 -8.1547150 4 Jl. Sumatera 12 Sumbersari 113.7056960 -8.1763930 5 Jl. Mangkubumi Kaliwates 113.6833410 -8.1863103 Figure 1. Sampling location profile 3. Results and Discussion 3.1 Land Use Identification Land use in Patrang, Sumbersari, and Kaliwates District was variation. Based on Figure 2, the land use in the 3 districts was dominated by irrigated land and residential rice fields. The area of agricultural land in Patrang, Sumbersari, and Kaliwates respectively are 20%, 42.29, and 49.94%. While the area of settlement in Patrang, Sumbersari, and Kaliwates respectively are 23.54%, 30.79, and 34.56%. Patrang district becomes part of an urban area in Jember Regency. Land use affected the quality of available natural resources, for example, the availability of water resources both in terms of quality and quantity [1]. The water quality poorness occurred due to the concentration over of pollutants into the body of water [24]. This condition became the Bedadung River. Urban area activities with settlements impacted river pollution potential if it did not manage properly [10] [11]. 3 Digital Repository Universitas Jember Sustainable Urban Water International Seminar 2019 IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 477 (2020) 012015 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/477/1/012015 Based on Jember Regency Master Plan in 2015, Patrang, Sumbersari and Kaliwates District will be designed as urban systems. The potential for built-up land will be greater than in other districts. Based on this condition, the prediction of the phenomenon of conversion of an agricultural area to settlements would occur in Jember Regency [25]. The consequence was the threat of pollution in the Bedadung River in urban areas.