Post-Excavation Assessment Neolithic and Iron Age to Saxon activity at Warth Park Raunds Northamptonshire Post-Excavation Assessment May 2015 Client: CgMs on behalf of Roxhill Developments Ltd. OA East Report No: 1572 OASIS No: oxfordar3-168995 NGR: 498330, 273171 Neolithic and Iron Age to Saxon activity at Warth Park, Raunds, Northamptonshire Post-Excavation Assessment By Louise Bush BA MA MCIfA With contributions by Paul Blinkhorn Btech, Rachel Fosberry ACIfA, Helen Geake BA DPhil FSA, Anthony Haskins BSc ACIfA, Alice Lyons BA MA MCIfA, Sarah Percival BA MA MCIfA, Lena Strid BSc, and Zoe Ui Choileain MA Editor: Rachel Clarke BA MCIfA Illustrator: Séverine Bézie BA MA Report Date: May 2015 © Oxford Archaeology East Page 1 of 127 Report Number 1572 Report Number: 1572 Site Name: Warth Park, Raunds, Northamptonshire HER Event No: ENN 107957 and ENN 107958 Date of Works: 9 October 2013 – 10 January 2014 and 29 September – 24 October 2014 Client Name: CgMs Consulting on behalf of Roxhill Developments Ltd. Client Ref: 15810 Planning Ref: EN/11/00700/OUT Grid Ref: 498330, 273171 Site Code: XNNWAR13 Finance Code: XNNWAR13 and XNNWAR13PX Receiving Body: Northampton museum Accession No: - Prepared by: Louise Bush Position: Project Officer Date: January 2014, updated May 2015 Checked by: James Drummond-Murray Position: Senior Project Manager Date: May 2015 Signed: Disclaimer This document has been prepared for the titled project or named part thereof and should not be relied upon or used for any other project without an independent check being carried out as to its suitability and prior written authority of Oxford Archaeology being obtained. Oxford Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability for the consequences of this document being used for a purpose other than the purposes for which it was commissioned. Any person/party using or relying on the document for such other purposes agrees and will by such use or reliance be taken to confirm their agreement to indemnify Oxford Archaeology for all loss or damage resulting therefrom. Oxford Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability for this document to any party other than the person/party by whom it was commissioned. Oxford Archaeology East, 15 Trafalgar Way, Bar Hill, Cambridge, CB23 8SQ t: 01223 850500 e: [email protected] w: http://thehumanjourney.net/oaeast © Oxford Archaeology East 2015 Oxford Archaeology Limited is a Registered Charity No: 285627 © Oxford Archaeology East Page 2 of 127 Report Number 1572 Table of Contents Summary.........................................................................................................................................7 1 Introduction................................................................................................................................9 1.1 Project Background ....................................................................................................9 1.2 Geology and Topography ...........................................................................................9 1.3 Archaeological Background.........................................................................................9 1.4 Previous Archaeological Works.................................................................................12 1.5 Geophysical Survey...................................................................................................12 1.6 Acknowledgements....................................................................................................13 2 Project Scope...........................................................................................................................14 3 Interfaces, Communications and Project Review................................................................14 4 Summary of Results ...............................................................................................................15 4.1 General......................................................................................................................15 4.2 Period 0: Undated......................................................................................................15 4.3 Period 1: Late Neolithic (c.3000-2200BC)................................................................16 4.4 Period 2: Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age (c.1200-350BC).................................16 4.5 Period 3: Romano-British (AD43-410)......................................................................19 4.6 Period 4: Early to Middle Saxon (AD410-850)..........................................................19 4.7 Period 5: Post-medieval (c.1500-1800)....................................................................22 4.8 Period 6: Modern (1800+).........................................................................................23 5 Factual Data and Assessment of Archaeological Potential ..............................................25 5.1 Stratigraphic and Structural Data .............................................................................25 5.2 Artefact Summaries...................................................................................................26 5.3 Environmental Summaries .......................................................................................30 6 Research Aims and Objectives..............................................................................................32 7 Methods Statements for Analysis..........................................................................................34 7.1 Stratigraphic Analysis................................................................................................34 7.2 Illustration..................................................................................................................34 7.3 Documentary Research.............................................................................................34 7.4 Artefactual Analysis ..................................................................................................34 7.5 Ecofactual Analysis ...................................................................................................36 8 Report Writing, Archiving and Publication ..........................................................................37 8.1 Report Writing............................................................................................................37 8.2 Storage and Curation................................................................................................37 © Oxford Archaeology East Page 3 of 127 Report Number 1572 8.3 Publication.................................................................................................................37 9 Resources and Programming................................................................................................37 9.1 Project Team Structure..............................................................................................37 9.2 Products and Tasks...................................................................................................38 Appendix A. Context Summary with Provisional Phasing....................................................40 Appendix B. Finds Reports.......................................................................................................60 B.1 Pre- and Post-Roman Pottery....................................................................................60 B.2 Romano-British Pottery..............................................................................................64 B.3 Small Finds.................................................................................................................70 B.4 Metalworking Debris...................................................................................................83 B.5 Struck Flint..................................................................................................................84 B.6 Objects of Baked Clay................................................................................................86 B.7 Baked and Unbaked Clay..........................................................................................88 B.8 Ceramic Building Material..........................................................................................91 B.9 Objects of Stone.........................................................................................................92 Appendix C. Pre- and Post-Roman Pottery Catalogue..........................................................94 Appendix D. Roman pottery catalogue..................................................................................100 Appendix E. Environmental Reports......................................................................................110 E.1 Human Skeletal Remains.........................................................................................110 E.2 Faunal Remains.......................................................................................................112 E.3 Environmental Samples...........................................................................................115 Appendix F. Product Description............................................................................................119 Appendix G. Risk Log...............................................................................................................119 Appendix H. Bibliography .......................................................................................................120