International Plant Protection Convention 13_ECBD_2014_Dec Vapour Heat treatment against three species of fruit flies in Mango Dedong Agenda item: 5.4 VAPOUR HEAT TREATMENT AGAINST THREE SPECIES OF FRUIT FLIES IN MANGO DEDONG By Mr Wayan MURDITA Balai Besar Peramalan Organisme Pengganggu Tumbuhan (BBPOPT) / Pest Forecasting Institute (PFI) Ministry of Agriculture Jln Raya Kaliasin Tromol Pos I Jatisari, Karawang 41374 INDONESIA VAPOR HEAT TREATMENT AGAINST THREE SPECIES OF FRUIT FLIES IN MANGO ‘GEDONG’ By Wayan Murdita Pest Forecasting Institute Ministry of Agriculture Republic of Indonesia Okinawa, December 1, 2014 Presented on “ Expert Consultation On Phytosanitary Treatments For Bactrocera dorsalis complex” In Okinawa, Japan PROJECT SITE PFI Jatisari, Karawang JAKARTA BANTEN WEST JAVA CENTRAL JAVA EAST JAVA YOGYAKARTA たTA Project site is located in Pest Forecasting Institute (PFI) about 80 km from Jakarta, capital city of Indonesia, and about 150 km from the production area of mango ‘Gedong’ (Cirebon, Majalengka and Indramayu) FACILITIES Laboratory building (VHT Laboratory) Inauguration of VHT Laboratory (4 December 2010) VHT machine (2 units) Rearing room ( Biotron 2 units) Fruit storage (1 unit) Infested room ( Biotron 1 unit) TARGET INSECTS Bactrocera carambolae B. cucurbitae B. papayae TARGET FRUIT Mango ‘Gedong’ fruits (Mangifera indica) Mango ‘Gedong’ orchard Mango ‘Gedong’ flower Mango ‘Gedong’ fruits on the tree Step of Mortality Test 1. Hot Water To determine the most heat ImmersionTest tolerant species of fruit flies 2. Susceptibility To determine the most heat Mortality Test By VHT tolerant stage of fruit fly To Determine Treatment 3. Small-Scale Mortality condition (Fruit core temp. Test By VHT and Holding time) 4. Large-Scale Mortality To confirm a 100% mortality for more than 30,000 effective Test By VHT insects Hot Water Immersion Test . Purpose To determine the most heat tolerant species of fruit flies . Materials Test insect : B. papayae , B. carambolae, B. cucurbitae, Target stage : Eggs (young & mature), larvae (1st, 2nd , 3rd instar) . Methods Insects was immersed in hot water Temperature : 46.0 oC Exposure time : 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 minutes Replication : 3 times TEST INSECT Test insects for the treatment Time from oviposition (hours) Stage Bactrocera Bactrocera Bactrocera carambolae cucurbitae papayae Young egg 1-2 hours 1-2 hours 1-2 hours Mature egg 27-28 hours 19-20 hours 27-28 hours 1st instar 47-48 hours 47-48 hours 47-48 hours 2nd instar 75-76 hours 70-71 hours 75-76 hours 3rd instar 119-120 hours 95-96 hours 119-120 hours Procedures of Hot Water Immersion Test Eggs Larvae Preparation test insects Treatment at : 46.0oC Checking mortality Storaged at temp 28.0oC Result of Hot Water Immersion Test Corrected mortality of each developmental stage of B. carambolae, B.cucurbitae and B.papayae in hot water immersion test Exposure B. carambolae B.cucurbitae B.papayae Time YE ME 1st 2nd 3rd YE ME 1st 2nd 3rd YE ME 1st 2nd 3rd 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2 99.6 0.6 2.3 3.5 0.0 98.3 8.5 14.0 5.8 4.8 87.5 7.2 5.9 6.7 21.5 4 100 28.1 11.3 18.8 18.0 100 0.0 27.8 2.4 33.8 98.3 10.0 5.5 0.2 41.5 6 100 22.4 21.9 16.1 60.9 100 12.0 31.5 49.1 72.1 98.7 24.9 15.3 9.0 68.7 8 100 37.2 20.3 53.8 89.8 100 26.5 45.7 88.1 91.3 100 16.0 12.7 16.2 82.1 10 98.9 47.7 48.8 73.5 99.2 100 38.9 74.7 93.2 95.1 100 21.6 22.8 36.5 95.4 12 100 54.2 59.4 93.2 100 100 51.6 92.6 99.3 95.9 100 24.0 15.3 60.6 98.5 14 100 58.1 89.5 94.6 100 100 73.6 98.1 100 97.4 100 33.3 32.6 72.2 99.0 16 100 80.4 96.9 97.6 100 100 96.0 100 99.7 96.6 100 40.7 37.1 83.7 100 18 100 84.3 99.6 100 100 100 99.1 100 100 96.6 100 42.1 50.3 94.2 99.5 20 100 92.6 98.8 100 100 100 98.7 99.6 100 97.0 100 50.5 68.0 93.9 99.5 22 100 96.5 99.6 100 100 100 99.6 100 100 100 100 65.9 84.2 100 100 24 100 99.6 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 72.5 84.9 100 100 Corrected mortality of each developmental stage of B. carambolae, B.cucurbitae and B.papayae in hot water immersion test 100 carYE carME car1st 80 car2nd car3rd cucYE 60 cucME cuc1st cuc2nd 40 cuc3rd papYE Corrected mortality Corrected mortality (%) papME 20 pap1st pap2nd pap3rd 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 Exposure Time (minutes) Result : B. papayae is the most heat tolerant species of fruit flies Susceptibility Mortality Test by VHT Purpose: To determine the most heat tolerant stage of fruit fly against high temperature. Materials Test insect : B. papayae Target stage : Mature eggs (27-28 hour) , Larvae (1st, 2nd , 3rd instar) Mango Size : 250-300 gram, maturity 75-80% Methods - Infested mango was treated in vapor heat treatment (VHT) - Fruit core temperature : 45.0, 46.0, 46.5, 47.0, 47.5 oC and Control - Replication : 3 times Cooling Water Cooling : 10 minutes Air Cololing : 30 minutes Procedures of Susceptibility Mortality Test By VHT Inoculation in Counting egg mango Treatment by VHT Shower and air cooling and larvae o Checking mortality Keep at room temp. 28.0 C Result of Susceptability Mortality Test Mature egg 1st instar 2nd instar 3rd instar Temperatures Number of Number of Number of Number of Number of Survival rate Mortality Corrected Number of Survival rate Mortality Corrected Number of Survival rate Mortality Corrected Number of Survival rate Mortality Corrected (exposure time) inoculated inoculated inoculated inoculated survivor % rate % M.rate % survivor % rate % M.rate % survivor % rate % M.rate % survivor % rate % M.rate % insect insect insect insect 1 64 150 42.7 57.3 65 150 43.3 56.7 71 150 47.3 52.7 106 120 88.3 11.7 2 67 150 44.7 55.3 75 150 50.0 50.0 65 150 43.3 56.7 105 120 87.5 12.5 3 60 150 40.0 60.0 71 150 47.3 52.7 72 150 48.0 52.0 115 120 95.8 4.2 4 66 150 44.0 56.0 58 150 38.7 61.3 71 150 47.3 52.7 113 120 94.2 5.8 5 52 150 34.7 65.3 68 150 45.3 54.7 64 150 42.7 57.3 112 120 93.3 6.7 (0:00) 6 57 150 38.0 62.0 66 150 44.0 56.0 67 150 44.7 55.3 108 120 90.0 10.0 Control 7 61 150 40.7 59.3 72 150 48.0 52.0 66 150 44.0 56.0 107 120 89.2 10.8 8 60 150 40.0 60.0 68 150 45.3 54.7 67 150 44.7 55.3 112 120 93.3 6.7 C-total 487 1200 40.6 59.4 0 543 1200 45.3 54.8 05431200 45.3 54.8 0 878 960 91.5 8.5 0 1 6 150 4.0 96.0 0 150 0 100 26 150 17.3 82.7 1 120 0.8 99.2 2 23 150 15.3 84.7 44 150 29.3 70.7 0 150 0 100 0 120 0 100 3 64 150 42.7 57.3 14 150 9.3 90.7 0 150 0 100 0 120 0 100 45.0 (0:51) 4 26 150 17.3 82.7 58 150 38.7 61.3 0 150 0 100 0 120 0 100 45.0-total 119 600 19.8 80.2 51.1 116 600 19.3 80.7 57.3 26 600 4.3 95.7 90.4 1 480 0.2 99.8 99.8 1 8 150 5.3 94.7 0 150 0 100 0 150 0 100 0 120 0 100 2 34 150 22.7 77.3 0 150 0 100 0 150 0 100 0 120 0 100 3 18 150 12.0 88.0 4 150 2.7 97.3 0 150 0 100 0 120 0 100 46.0 (0:57) 4 36 150 24.0 76.0 2 150 1.3 98.7 0 150 0 100 0 120 0 100 46.0-total 96 600 16.0 84.0 60.6 6 600 1.0 99.0 97.8 0 600 0 100 100 0 480 0 100 100 1 0 150 0 100 1 150 0.7 99.3 0 150 0 100 2 120 1.7 98.3 2 0 150 0 100 0 150 0 100 0 150 0 100 0 120 0 100 3 15 150 10.0 90.0 0 150 0 100 0 150 0 100 0 120 0 100 46.5 (1:02) 4 38 150 25.3 74.7 7 150 4.7 95.3 0 150 0 100 0 120 0 100 46.5-total 53 600 8.8 91.2 78.2 8 600 1.3 98.7 97.1 0 600 0 100 100 2 480 0.4 99.6 99.5 1 0 150 0 100 0 150 0 100 0 150 0 100 0 120 0 100 2 2 150 1.3 98.7 0 150 0 100 0 150 0 100 0 120 0 100 3 22 150 14.7 85.3 0 150 0 100 0 150 0 100 0 120 0 100 47.0 (1:07) 4 0 150 0 100 0 150 0 100 0 150 0 100 0 120 0 100 47.0-total 24 600 4.0 96.0 90.1 0 600 0 100 100 0 600 0 100 100 0 480 0 100 100 1 0 150 0 100 0 150 0 100 0 150 0 100 0 120 0 100 2 0 150 0 100 0 150 0 100 0 150 0 100 0 120 0 100 3 0 150 0 100 0 150 0 100 0 150 0 100 0 120 0 100 47.5 (1:16) 4 0 150 0 100 0 150 0 100 0 150 0 100 0 120 0 100 47.5-total 0 600 0 100 100 0 600 0 100 100 0 600 0 100 100 0 480 0 100 100 Small Scale Mortality Test by VHT Purpose: To determine treatment conditions (fruit core temperature and holding time) Materials Test insect : B.