Avionics Systems Technology for New Exploration Scenarios 10th ADCSS Avionics Guillermo Ortega (ESA), Johann Bals (DLR), Michele Delpech (CNES) Workshop Inputs from F. Guettache (ESA), J.L. Terraillon (ESA) ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use October 18th-20th, 2016 17 Scope and Target •Provide current information about the state of the art in terms of “big picture”, scenario destinations, missions, time-lines, partnership, etc •Explain about ESA plans in cooperation with DLR and CNES •Derived the needed requirements for avionics systems for exploration •Present the main lines of research and technology in the area of exploration 18 ESA Exploration Missions • Exploration of the Moon: robotics, HERACLES, Human Moon surface mission • Exploration of Asteroids: Asteroid Impact Mission • Exploration of Mars: ExoMars 2016, ExoMars 2020, Phobos Sample Return • Exploration of other planets with scientific missions: Bepi Colombo, Mars Express, JUICE • Technology for Exploration: GSP, TRP, GSTP, ExPERT 19 DLR R&T Contributions to Scientific Exploration Missions Among these missions are • Mars Express (ESA) • ExoMars (ESA) • Venus Express (ESA) • BepiColombo (Mission to Mercury, ESA) • InSight (Mission to Mars, NASA) • DAWN (Mission to Asteroids, NASA) • Cassini (Mission to Saturn, NASA) • Hayabusa II (Mission to Asteroid Ryugu with DLR Lander Mascot, JAXA) • Lunar Resurs (Roskosmos) 20 CNES Exploration Missions •CNES involved only in cooperation programs and mostly contributes with scientific payloads since MSR interruption • Exploration of Mars: MSL, Insight, Mars 2020, ExoMars • Exploration of Asteroids: Hayabusa-2 • Exploration of other planets: Bepi Colombo, JUICE • Technology for Exploration: R&T (scientific instruments & rover autonomy), GSTP activities 21 ESA Missions Exploration Time-Line 2017 Lunar- Resours 22 ESA Exploration Activities and Funding Sources Missions Funding Technologies Luna-Resurs, Moon HRE Several Moon Surface GNC, Asteroids AIM GSP, GSTP communications Mars ExoMars, PSR HRE Several 23 Current ESA Moon Exploration Activities •Moon Robotic missions in collaboration with Russia: Luna-Glob Lander, Luna-Resurs Orbiter, Luna-Resurs Lander, Lunar Polar Sample Return •Human-Enhanced Robotic Architecture and Capability for Lunar Exploration and Science (HERACLES) •Human Moon Surface Exploration Mission: Bilateral study activity with JAXA to explore opportunity to cooperate on the development of a human-rated lander •Technology Development for Moon Missions: TRP, GSTP, E3P 24 Elements and Links for Moon Exploration Lunar Products Demonstration ESA Baseline Lunar Glob Lunar Resurs 2020 Cooperation with Russia Human Robotic Concept Study Initiative Lunar Polar Partnership with Mid-2020s Sample Return HERACLES Private Sector 2030 Human Moon Surface Exploration 25 ESA Vision of Lunar Exploration 2030 (from HRE) Redundant crew access and return International Staging Capability Human access and return capability with re-usable ascent element (polar regions) Long range Redundant cargo and pressurised rover logistics service International global automated access and sample return capability with re-usable ascent element International Lunar Communication Service Long range tele-operated surface rover 26 Operational Capabilities for the Exploration of the Moon Interplanetary Earth trip (forth) Moon Orbit OPS Orbit OPS Descent and Landing Re-entry Ascent Interplanetary trip (back) Surface OPS Near Earth Travel Near Moon 27 Cis-Lunar Transport Habitat (CTH) • It is proposed that in the first half of the 2020(s), a joint programme could start by building a Cis- Lunar Transport Habitat (CTH) • The main requirements for the CTH are as follows: • CTH shall provide Propulsion, Communication and Power generation functions • The CTH operational lifetime shall be 15 years • The CTH shall accommodate launch stowage of an externally supplied robotic arm • The CTH shall descent to and ascent rom the South pole of the Moon • The CTH should be located in a Near Rectilinear Orbit (NRO) 28 Near Rectilinear Orbits (NRO) • NRO orbits are halo orbits with close passage over a lunar pole • The orbits are either from a North or South family orbit class with respect to the ecliptic • Work by NASA (Ryan Whitley and Roland Martinez) from the Future In-Space Operations Working Group April 13, 2016 29 NRO orbits and the South Pole of The Moon • Highly elliptical orbit of 7000Km by 61500Km • Orbital period around 14 days and its inclination is near polar • South trajectory with an orbital period between 6 and 8 days • Ideal to descent and ascent from the South Pole of The Moon • NASA (Ryan Whitley and Roland Martinez) 30 Asteroid Impact Mission AIM: International Cooperation 31 AIM Goals • Interdisciplinary mission of opportunity to explore and demonstrate technologies for future deep-space missions while addressing planetary defence objectives and performing asteroid scientific investigations TECHNOLOGY ASTEROID IMPACT SCIENCE DEMONSTRATION MITIGATION 32 AIM Trajectory and Asteroid Encounter 33 ESA Funding Sources for Exploration Technology GSP, TRP and GSTP Technologies for exclusive use of exploration or with multi-domain application Programs proposed for CM2016 ExPeRT, Luna-Resource Lander, SciSpacE, … Other ESA programs outside Exploration Technologies with an application potential also for exploration 34 ESA proposal for European Exploration Envelope Programme (E3P) •Proposal for CM2016: the first Period of the European Exploration Envelope Programme comprises seven activity areas: •(1) The ISS •(2) Human Exploration beyond LEO •(3) ExoMars •(4) Luna-Resource Lander •(5) SciSpacE •(6) ExPeRT •(7) Commercial partnerships 35 E3P proposal (6): ExPeRT • System studies: • Phase A/B1 study for an ESA contribution to the NASA 2022 Mars orbiter mission • Phase B1 (Definition Phase) for Phobos Sample Return • Phase A studies for MSR (Courier and Fetch Rover) • Architecture studies for post-ISS LEO and lunar exploration • A limited set of other early phase studies funded by GSP (potentially resulting also from collaborations with emerging space powers) • Technology development activities: • The technology development programme within ExPeRT will constitute of ~30- 40 Technology development activities for maturing capabilities and enabling missions as indicated in the ExPeRT section of the E3P Proposal • These would range typically from TRL2-6, with most likely starting at TRL >3 given previous developments under MREP and TRP 36 5 Main Technology Axes for Exploration 1 2 3 4 5 Avionics Energy Life Communication, production and Propulsion support and Telemetry, and Tracking robotics and storage habitats 37 Avionics Systems Technology for Exploration: Mosaic • Guidance, Navigation, and Control: optimal trajectories, navigation sensors, image processing • Data Handling Systems: computing solutions, data buses, data protocols, GNC Robots • Robotic Systems: on-board robots, DH ground robots and rovers • Software Systems: on-board software, partitioning, operating SW FDIR systems System • Failure Detection, Isolation, and Recovery Systems: health monitoring and recovery systems 38 Examples of Avionics Systems Technology Challenges Control Data Software Missions Robotics FDIR Systems Systems Systems Sensors, robust Small data MASCOT-2 Auto coding Redundancy AIM control, CAM handling set Sensors, precise Big data handling Rover Auto coding Redundancy ExoMars control set High speed Intelligent Human Moon Hazard Robots at CTH, computers, Multicore OS detection and avoidance Moon rovers Surface deterministic data recovery Human Mars Hazard High speed computers Intelligent avoidance and and data transfer, Mars rovers Multicore OS detection and Surface high accuracy deterministic data recovery De-tumbing, Intelligent Asteroid High speed computers Drilling Hazard avoidance and data transfer, Multicore OS detection and mechanism Mining and high accuracy deterministic data recovery 39 Exploration Guidance, and Control technology blocks • Optimal guidance for descent and landing • Advanced multivariable robust control for high accuracy re- targeting functions • Optimization at once of trajectories, structures, propulsion for landers • MDO for Moon ascent vehicles: single stage vehicle with all-at- once design optimization • Co-design of control and structures • Optimization of sensor placements across mission arcs, mission types, and mission requirements • Simulators and Emulators and SIL=>PIL=>HIL testing sequences • Ground test benches for optical, infrared and LIDAR V+V • All-at-once verification and validation facilities for GNC • In-Orbit Demonstrators of GNC systems 40 Exploration Navigation, HDA technology blocks 1. Sensors (VIS, IR, multispectral) 2. Image Recognition and Processing for Navigation 3. Data fusion 4. Advanced detection of hazards and failures 5. High Performance Computing 6. Multi-disciplinary Optimization 7. Verification and Validation 41 Upcoming GNC technology activities for exploration • GNC preliminary design for rendezvous and docking in NRO orbits around the Moon (500K, TRP) • Breadboard of a multi-spectral camera for rendezvous in Lagrangian orbits of the Earth-Moon system (600K, TRP) • GNC preliminary design for a Lunar Ascent Vehicle (350K, GSTP) 42 Exploration Data Handling Technology Blocks • High performance (e.g. image processing) computing capability which can enable partitioning between HW implementation (FPGA) and SW implementation (High Performance Processor) • Recording and Real Time transmitting of EDL data (e.g. images or video)