Madrid Modernista: Espacios Urbanos Madrilenos en la Literatura Bohemia del Modernismo Espanol Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Vizoso, Pedro Jose Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 01/10/2021 08:33:43 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195069 MADRID MODERNISTA: ESPACIOS URBANOS MADRILEÑOS EN LA LITERATURA BOHEMIA DEL MODERNISMO ESPAÑOL by Pedro José Vizoso ________________________ Copyright © Pedro José Vizoso 2010 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF SPANISH AND PORTUGUESE In Partial fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY WITH A MAJOR IN SPANISH In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2010 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Pedro José Vizoso entitled “Madrid modernista: El espacio urbano madrileño en la literatura bohemia del Modernismo español” and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy _______________________________________________________ Date: July 15, 2010 Prof. Malcolm A. Compitello _______________________________________________________ Date: July 15, 2010 Prof. Judith Nantell _______________________________________________________ Date: July 15, 2010 Prof. Joan Gilabert Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate’s submission of the final copies of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. _______________________________________________________ Date: July 15, 2010 Dissertation Director: Prof. Malcolm A. Compitello 3 STATEMENT BY THE AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the copyright holder. SIGNED: Pedro José Vizoso 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my most profound gratitude to my dear professor, Dr. Malcolm A. Compitello, my mentor, my boss, my friend, and my dissertation advisor. This work could not have been finished without his constant support, his confidence in me, and his guidance and judicious editing. Thank you for all of your help through these four wonderful and unforgettable years in the Department of Spanish and Portuguese at the University of Arizona. To Dr. Joan Gilabert, my dear professor, for his teachings, his friendship, and his long and sincere conversations about literature and life in general. It was a honor for me to meeting you and to talk about the Spain that couldn’t be. To Dr. Judith Nantell, who gave me her expert advice and who was extremely patient with the progress of my work. I will never forget your words encouragement and your enthusiasm with my work. To my professors Dr. Eliana Rivero, Dr. Richard Kinkade, Dr. Eliud Chuffe, and Dr. José Promis, who were exceptional professors, and models of wisdom and professional and human behavior. To all my colleagues and friends, graduate students in the Department of Spanish and Portuguese at the University of Arizona. Your friendship was the most valuable gift during these years and your demanding devotion to work an encouraging model to follow. It was a privilege to share this exciting period of my life with you. 5 DEDICATORIA Dedico este trabajo a mi esposa, Beatriz, y a mis hijos, Johan y Miranda, sin cuyo amor, extraordinaria paciencia y permanente apoyo jamás hubiera acabado este trabajo. Gracias por estar siempre a mi lado y por ser tan maravillosos. 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT .........................................................................................................................9 CAPÍTULO I. INTRODUCCIÓN: LA LITERATURA DEL FRACASO .......................10 Hipótesis de trabajo ................................................................................................10 La bohemia española..............................................................................................13 Bohemia e imaginario cartográfico ........................................................................22 Teoría y metodología .............................................................................................27 Plan general de este trabajo ....................................................................................29 CAPÍTULO II. LA BOHEMIA ESPAÑOLA COMO DISCURSO CULTURAL DE RESISTENCIA URBANA ....................................................................................39 Definiciones ...........................................................................................................39 La poesía en la era del capitalismo ........................................................................45 La ciudad y sus discursos .......................................................................................53 El discurso de la bohemia como discurso urbano de resistencia ...........................70 Madrid, Modernismo, bohemia y espacio urbano .................................................75 Para una historia de la bohemia .............................................................................89 Madrid como tema: La bohemia en el Madrid isabelino (1864) .........................117 CAPÍTULO III. DE LA TUBERCULOSIS A LA SÍFILIS: LA RESPRESENTACIÓN DE LA PROSTITUCIÓN MADRILEÑA EN LA LITERATURA BOHEMIA DEL PREMODERNISMO ESPAÑOL ...............................................................130 Madrid, Naturalismo, Premodernismo y bohemia: La generación de 1885 ........130 7 El paisaje del capitalismo.....................................................................................138 De la tuberculosis a la sífilis ................................................................................141 De la utopía sexual de París a la distopía madrileña ............................................151 La ciudad como un “cuerpo” ...............................................................................159 El poeta y la puta ..................................................................................................167 Dos flâneurs en el Madrid de la Primera República ............................................173 “Nostalgia de la caca” .........................................................................................178 De la buhardilla al hospital ..................................................................................186 CAPÍTULO IV. CAPITAL DEL PLACER: DEL MODERNISMO CANALLA A LA GRAN VÍA ..........................................................................................................206 Madrid, capital del Modernismo ..........................................................................206 Los lunes a( la Puerta de)l Sol: de la bohemia a la golfemia ...............................215 El Modernismo y el discurso del placer ...............................................................234 El veneno del arte .................................................................................................246 Capital del placer: Manuel Machado y El mal poema (1909) .............................262 Del modernismo canalla a la Gran Vía ................................................................293 CAPÍTULO V. RADICALIZACIÓN DEL MODERNISMO Y CARTOGRAFÍA DEL FRACASO: DE LA PUERTA DEL SOL AL HOSPITAL SAN JUAN DE DIOS ...............................................................312 Un empresario de la bohemia. Emilio Carrere, caballero bohemio .....................312 Los malditos de Madrid .......................................................................................326 Literatura de café .................................................................................................349 8 Urbanización de la bohemia .................................................................................372 Literatura de burdel ..............................................................................................391 El hospital y la morgue ........................................................................................412 CONCLUSIONES GENERALES ...................................................................................441 OBRAS CITADAS ..........................................................................................................459 9 ABSTRACT This study offers an analysis of the interaction between urban spaces and bohemian literature in Madrid around 1900. I argue that bohemianism and bohemian literature are actually part of a very well structured cultural discourse—a discourse of social resistance—and must be studied as such. At the same time, the obvious urban nature of this phenomenon is a deciding aspect of it. In order to know how the bohemian discourse evolved in