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Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 1 1 77-2415 HORN 3 Joe R i d e r 3 1938- THE LIFE AND PROFESSIONAL CONTRIBUTIONS OF PAUL ELLWOOD LANDIS TO PHYSICAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS IN OHIO AND THE UNITED STATES. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1976 Education, physical Xerox University IHlierofilnras,Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 (t)Copyright by JOE RIDER HORN 1976 THE LIFE AND PROFESSIONAL CONTRIBUTIONS OF PAUL ELLWOOD LANDIS TO PHYSICAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS IN OHIO AND THE UNITED STATES DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Joe Rider Horn, A.B., M. Ed. ^ * The Ohio State University 1976 Reading Committee: Approved By Dr. Bruce L. Bennett, Adviser Dr. Lewis Hess Dr. Walter Ersing th* Adviser Department of Physical Education ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The writer wishes to express his gratitude to the many people who assisted in the preparation of this dissertation. Appreciation is expressed to Dr. Bruce L. Bennett, adviser, for his helpful guidance throughout the preparation of the study; to the members of the reading committee, Dr. Lewis Hess and Dr. Walter Ersing, and to the many friends and colleagues of Paul E. Landis who assisted the writer through their letters and interviews. The writer spent many hours in conversation with Mr. Landis prior to his death on November 1, 1975. His cooperation in numerous interviews and discussions was essential to the quality of the study and was greacly appreciated. Special acknowledgment is given my parents, Joe Ashley and Jean DeSilvey Horn, for their inspiration and encouragement over the years. Appreciation is expressed to my wife, Jean, and my sons, Jay Ashley and Jonathan David, for their encouragement and understanding during the completion of this study. VITA August 23, 1938 . Born - Youngstown, Ohio 1960 ............... A.B., Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio 196 1 ............... M.Ed., Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 1961-1962 .......... Associated with Gray's Groves Inc., Lady Lake, Florida 1963-1973 .......... Assistant Professor, Ice Hockey Coach, Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio 1973 ............... Varsity Lacrosse Coach, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio 197 4 ............... Assistant Professor, Chairman of the Department of Health, Physical Education and Athletics, Urbana College, Urbana, Ohio FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Physical Education Studies in Roman Civilization. Professor Cyrus F. St. Clair nfes'-H \ v\V\,\d\>v''' ’: A»' >AV-V- '*• *■ TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS............................................. ii VITA ...................................................... iii INTRODUCTION .............................................. 1 Chapter 1. FAMILY HISTORY ..................................... 6 The Making of Emigrants ........................... 6 The First Years in A m e r i c a ....................... 11 New Beginnings in Cleveland....................... 15 2. BOYHOOD DAYS IN CLEVELAND........................... 19 Cleveland in 1900 ................... 21 Tremont Elementary School ......................... 24 Lincoln High School ............................... 30 3. A BUCKEYE BECOMES A Y E O M A N ......................... 35 Physical Education at Oberlin College in 1919 .... 37 The Required Physical Education Program ......... 38 The Intramural Program ......................... 43 The Teacher Preparation Program ................. 47 Intercollegiate Athletics ....................... 49 Varsity Athletic Participation ................... 52 4. THE STATUS OF HEALTH EDUCATION AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN 1920 ........................................... 60 Health Education ................................. 61 Physical Education ............................... 66 5. THE CHALLENGE AT WOODROW WILSON HIGH SCHOOL .......... 76 6. THE BOWLING GREEN EXPERIENCE ........................ 83 The Beginnings of Bowling Green State University . 85 A Department of Physical Education and Hygiene . 86 Steller and Landis - Their First Years ...... 90 v Chapter Page New Directions, 1925-1931 ......................... 96 The Depression Years, 1932-1937 ................... 102 The Pre-War Years, 1938-1942 105 7. ADMINISTRATION AT THE STATE DEPARTMENTOF EDUCATION . 110 History of the State Supervisor's Position ..... 110 Responsibilities of the State Supervisor's Position . 115 Physical Education ............................... 115 Health Education ................................. 138 Interscholastic Athletics ......................... 153 Girls' Interscholastic Athletics ............... 153 Junior High School Athletics ................... 161 Recreation and Outdoor Education ................. 165 Safety and Driver Education ....................... 171 Driver Education ............................... 174 8. ATHLETIC ADMINISTRATION AT THE OHIO HIGH SCHOOL ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION ............................. 181 Assistant Commissioner ........................... 182 All-star Games ................................. 183 The Canton McKinley C a s e ....................... 184 Girls' Athletic Handbook ....................... 185 Joint Committee of theOhio High School Athletic Association and theOhio State Medical Associa­ tion 187 Joint Committee of the Ohio High School Athletic Association and theOhio High School Principals Association ................................. 190 National Meetings ............................... 190 Commissioner ............................. 191 All-star Games ................................. 193 Girls' Interscholastic Athletics ............... 195 Elementary School and Junior High School Athletics 196 Friday Night Professional FootballGames ......... 198 Wrestling Clinics........... 199 Boys' Gymnastics in O h i o ....................... 201 New Association Office Building ................. 203 National Meetings ............................... 203 In Retrospect................................... 204 9. THE LANDIS PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION ................. 207 Physical Education ............................... 208 Health Education ................................. 215 R e c r e a t i o n ....................................... 217 Outdoor Education ................................. 218 Safety Education and Driver Education ............. 221 Athletics........................................ 222 vi Chapter Page 10. LANDIS— THE M A N ..................................... 226 The Landis Personality ........................... 226 Awards Received ................................... 236 A Career of Professional Service ................. 238 BIBLIOGRAPHY .............................................. 244 vii INTRODUCTION The history of physical education includes the biographies of the illustrious leaders and pioneers of the profession. The scholarly examination of the lives of pioneer physical educators has provided a valuable perspective on the growth and development of today's physical education programs. That this perspective might be further enriched this writer has undertaken the biography of Paul Ellwood Landis. During a professional career that spanned nearly five decades Paul Ellwood Landis tirelessly served the profession always striving to initiate new programs and improve existing ones. His qualities of confidence, energy, wisdom and fairness were evidenced in his earliest days of teaching and coaching at Portsmouth, Virginia and Bowling Green Normal College, in his contributions to state and national programs, platforms and standards in health, physical education, safety, driver education and athletics