Australian War Memorial Heritage Management Plan Final Draft Report Report prepared for Australian War Memorial August 2019 Sydney Office Level 6, 372 Elizabeth Street Surry Hills NSW Australia 2010 T +61 2 9319 4811 Canberra Office 2A Mugga Way Red Hill ACT Australia 2603 T +61 2 6273 7540 GML Heritage Pty Ltd ABN 60 001 179 362 www.gml.com.au GML Heritage Report Register The following report register documents the development and issue of the report entitled Australian War Memorial—Heritage Management Plan—Final Draft Report, undertaken by GML Heritage Pty Ltd in accordance with its quality management system. Job No. Issue No. Notes/Description Issue Date 18-0245 1 Draft Report 4 September 2018 18-0245 2 Revised Draft Report 8 July 2019 18-0245 3 Final Draft Report 5 August 2019 Quality Assurance GML Heritage Pty Ltd operates under a quality management system which has been certified as complying with the Australian/New Zealand Standard for quality management systems AS/NZS ISO 9001:2008. The report has been reviewed and approved for issue in accordance with the GML quality assurance policy and procedures. Project Manager: Kaylie Beasley Project Director & Reviewer: Rachel Jackson Issue No. 3 Issue No. 3 Signature Signature Position: Consultant Position: Principal Date: 6 August 2019 Date: 6 August 2019 Copyright Historical sources and reference material used in the preparation of this report are acknowledged and referenced at the end of each section and/or in figure captions. Reasonable effort has been made to identify, contact, acknowledge and obtain permission to use material from the relevant copyright owners. Unless otherwise specified or agreed, copyright in this report vests in GML Heritage Pty Ltd (‘GML’) and in the owners of any pre-existing historic source or reference material. Moral Rights GML asserts its Moral Rights in this work, unless otherwise acknowledged, in accordance with the (Commonwealth) Copyright (Moral Rights) Amendment Act 2000. GML’s moral rights include the attribution of authorship, the right not to have the work falsely attributed and the right to integrity of authorship. Right to Use GML grants to the client for this project (and the client’s successors in title) an irrevocable royalty-free right to reproduce or use the material from this report, except where such use infringes the copyright and/or Moral Rights of GML or third parties. Cover Image: Roll of Honour, AWM. (Source: GML, 2018) GML Heritage Contents Page Abbreviations and Definitions ............................................................................................................................. i Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................................................ i Australian War Memorial Terms ........................................................................................................................ ii Definitions and Terminology ............................................................................................................................... ii 1.0 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Previous Heritage and Conservation Management Plans......................................................................... 1 1.3 Location of the Site ....................................................................................................................................... 2 1.4 Heritage Listings ........................................................................................................................................... 3 1.5 Heritage Register .......................................................................................................................................... 6 1.6 Consultation .................................................................................................................................................. 6 1.7 Authorship and Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ 7 1.8 Endnotes ....................................................................................................................................................... 7 2.0 Understanding the Place—Historical Context .......................................................................................... 8 2.1 Aboriginal Cultural and Historical Context .................................................................................................. 8 2.2 Origins and Establishment ........................................................................................................................... 8 2.3 Expansion and Evolution ............................................................................................................................ 14 2.4 New Meanings ............................................................................................................................................ 16 2.5 Endnotes ..................................................................................................................................................... 20 3.0 Understanding the Place—Physical Context .......................................................................................... 21 3.1 Topographic Context .................................................................................................................................. 21 3.2 Physical Description ................................................................................................................................... 21 The Main Memorial Building ............................................................................................................... 25 The Commemorative Area .................................................................................................................. 25 The Galleries ........................................................................................................................................ 28 The Dioramas ....................................................................................................................................... 31 ANZAC Hall .......................................................................................................................................... 32 The Administration Building ................................................................................................................ 33 CEW Bean Building ............................................................................................................................. 33 The Landscape .................................................................................................................................... 34 The Lone Pine ...................................................................................................................................... 36 Site Vegetation and Natural Heritage ............................................................................................... 37 Aboriginal Cultural Heritage ................................................................................................................ 38 3.3 Comparative Analysis ................................................................................................................................. 39 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 39 War Memorials in Australia ................................................................................................................. 40 National Institutions in Canberra ......................................................................................................... 42 3.4 Endnotes ..................................................................................................................................................... 49 4.0 Assessment of Heritage Values ................................................................................................................ 50 4.1 Identifying Heritage Values ........................................................................................................................ 50 4.1.1 Heritage Value ................................................................................................................................. 50 Australian War Memorial—Heritage Management Plan—Final Draft Report, August 2019 GML Heritage 4.1.2 Indigenous Heritage Values .......................................................................................................... 50 4.1.3 Natural Heritage Values ................................................................................................................. 51 4.2 Commonwealth and National Heritage Criteria ................................................................................ 51 4.2.1 Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cwlth) ................................. 51 4.3 Methods Used to Assess the Values ................................................................................................ 51 4.4 Reassessment of Heritage Values ...................................................................................................