Leonardo da Vinci Images 2 3 1 5 6 7 4 10 8 11 9 15 12 13 14 For Educational Purposes Only Revised 10/15 1 Leonardo da Vinci The Presentation 1. Portrait c. 1512-15, red chalk on paper, 13-1/8” x 8-3/8”, Royal Library, Turin, Italy Originally thought to be a self-portrait, this drawing has been resonably established to be the image of DaVinci's grandfather. It was only attributed to him as a self- portrait starting in the 19th century. Done during his last years in Italy prior to his move to France, DaVinci shows his mastery of drawing and shading. Through the use of chalk lines, cross-hatching and shading he creates a realistic, 3-dimentional portrait. At the bottom of the drawing is an inscription which translates, “Leonardo da Vinci, portrait of himself as an old man.” However, this inscription was added later by an unknown person. Fun Facts: Da Vinci never lived to be the age in which he appears in this portrait. The red chalk media was something he was using at an earlier point in his career, How are the areas of dark value not as an old man. This ‘portrait’ served as the basis for some saying Da Vinci created? painted himself into the Mona Lisa. 2. Botanical Drawing: Viola, Oderata, Pyrus, Spikelet of Germinacea c. 1481-83, pen and ink, Venice Leonardo da Vinci was fascinated by all things in nature, and he filled notebooks with drawings that reflected his interests. His philosophy was “to strive to draw everything exactly as it appears in nature,” which is exemplified in these botanical drawings of various flowers. His many drawings of the natural world were studies that he later used to accurately create the background scenes in his paintings. How did da Vinci With only pen and ink, da Vinci was able to capture the three-dimensional qualities create the shapes in of these flowers in two dimensions. He created shape and shading through value this drawing? changes, using fine pen strokes to define the basic shapes and then drawing dark lines closely together (called “hatching”) or intersecting lines (called “cross-hatching”) to create dark areas of shadow. For Educational Purposes Only Revised 10/15 2 Leonardo da Vinci 3. The Annunciation c. 1473-75, oil on panel, 38-3/4” x 85-1/2”, Uffizi Gallery, Florence, Italy This scene was inspired by the Bible story of the angel’s visit to Mary when she is told “she will bear a son and call him Jesus” (the story was a recurring subject in Renaissance painting). This painting is one of da Vinci’s earliest works and was painted when he was about 23 years old. Even at this young age, da Vinci demonstrated a style that was based on how things really looked— Name one way unity was the flowers and trees were drawn from nature, and he captured the achieved in this painting. background in the distance with his use of realistic perspective. The angel and Mary, although at opposite ends of the panel, stand out by the contrast of the light values of their faces against the dark values of the backgrounds behind them. Other value contrasts define the masonry structure of the building behind the seated Mary, and also the folds of her robe. Da Vinci realistically captured a sense of space in this painting and created depth using several perspective techniques. One point perspective can be traced by the lines of the masonry structure, which lead the eye to the hazy mountains in the distance. Diminishing perspective was used by painting the trees in the background a smaller size to create the illusion that they are at a distance from the two figures in the foreground. Fun Fact: da Vinci painted the angel’s wings after studying a real bird. He loved the idea of flying and often sketched fluttering wings in his notebooks. Throughout his life, whenever he saw a caged bird for sale, he bought it and set it free. 4. Canon of Proportions, (also known as Vitruvian Man) c.1485-90, pen and ink, 13-1/2” x 9-3/4”, Academy Gallery, Venice, Italy This drawing was inspired by Vitruvius, an architect of ancient Rome. Vitruvius wrote “a man’s body, with arms outstretched, could be inscribed in both a circle and a square.” This also graphically reflected da Vinci’s belief that “Man is the measure of all things.” In this drawing, the three-dimensional qualities of the body have been captured with simple value changes to define shape and shadow. The illusion of three dimensions is the result. The arms and legs have also been drawn in How did da Vinci make the two different positions to contrast the man’s organic shape within both the man in this drawing look circle and the square (geometric shapes). three-dimensional? For Educational Purposes Only Revised 10/15 3 Leonardo da Vinci 5. Ginevra de’Benci c. 1474-76, oil on wood panel, 15” x 14-1/4”, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. It is believed that this was a wedding portrait, painted towards the end of da Vinci’s apprenticeship in the studio of Verrocchio. It established da Vinci’s style of positioning his subject in front of an open-air background. Ginevra, considered by the Florentines to be a great intellectual, sits immobile in front of a juniper tree that takes up almost the entire background. Through the juniper, over her left shoulder, the space opens up to the landscape in the distance. Da Vinci used atmospheric perspective to realistically render the hazy scene, and Where do you see the trees in the background seem far in the distance due to diminishing examples of contrast? perspective. The softness of Ginevra’s skin contrasts with the prickly branches of the juniper tree behind her, and the values of her white skin against the dark values of the tree provided further contrast. Unity has been achieved by the repetition of dark brown throughout the painting. The overall surface treatment of this painting also contributes to the unity of the work. The brush strokes are so smooth as to be almost imperceptible. Fun Fact: This is the only painting by Leonardo da Vinci in the Americas, and it is in the permanent collection of the National Gallery in Washington, D.C. An article in Smithsonian magazine (September 2001) mentions that the painting, as it exists today, was cut down from a larger panel before 1780 because of damage. It suggests that the original painting was a full three-quarter pose showing her hands. The article goes on to suggest that the “Study of Hands” was, in fact, the model for the lost portion of Ginevra’s portrait. 6. Study of Hands c. 1475, silverpoint and white chalk, Royal Collection, Windsor Castle, England Leonardo da Vinci wanted to re-create nature as accurately as possible, and many sketches remain that showed the extent of his preparations for more finished works. This sketch is supposed to have been copied from a work by Verrocchio, and it has recently been suggested that this sketch was actually the basis for the lost portion of the painting “Ginevra de’Benci.” This drawing shows two alternative positions for the hands: da Vinci places them together in a lap, and also shows the right arm and hand raised toward the breast, as if holding a sprig of blossoms. This drawing demonstrates da Vinci’s mastery of chiaroscuro. The hands are given their three-dimensional quality by the changes of value, from light to What does the word dark, using only hatching and cross-hatching pen lines. Highlights of white “chiaroscuro” mean? chalk also reflect the effects of light upon the hands. For Educational Purposes Only Revised 10/15 4 Leonardo da Vinci 7.Virgin of the Rocks (Louvre Version) c. 1482-86, oil on wood panel, 77-5/8” x 47-5/8”, Louvre, Paris Da Vinci left Florence at around age 30, arriving in Milan in search of better opportunities. He was commissioned, along with two other artists, to create an altarpiece of several separate parts that was to decorate a chapel in the church of San Francesco Grande. This painting was intended for the central panel of the altarpiece, and is one of two versions da Vinci painted over a period of ten years. (The history of both versions is complicated. This is likely the earliest version. The later version, which satisfied the commission after 10 years of dispute over fees, now hangs in the National Gallery in London.) In this painting, da Vinci presented the elements that became the hallmarks of the Italian Renaissance style: 1) the figures were arranged in a triangular composition; 2) the human forms were realistic, yet idealized, and modeled with light and shadow; 3) the sense of a deeper space was captured with both one-point and atmospheric perspective. Point to an area of contrast. Da Vinci created the figures in this painting through value changes. The three-dimensional quality of their forms was achieved by the subtle changes from light to dark across their features. Their light skin contrasts with the dark background of the cave in which they sit. Visual contrast is achieved by the soft drapery of the angel’s robes, and the soft plants and botanicals placed alongside the hard stone surface of the cave walls and floor. Unity is achieved by the clustering together of the figures in an interrelated triangular composition.