REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN The Ministry of Energy of the Republic of Kazakhstan Barrier Analysis and Enabling Framework FOR MITIGATION TECHNLOGIES July 2016 Supported by: Barriers Analysis and Enabling Framework. Kazakhstan Disclaimer This document is an output of the Technology Needs Assessment project, funded by the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and implemented by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the UNEP DTU Partnershipin collaboration with the Regional Centre, Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand for the benefit of the participating countries. The present report is the output of a fully country-led process and the views and information contained herein are a product of the National TNA team, led by the Climate Change Coordination Center (C4) and the Ministry of Energy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. 2 Barriers Analysis and Enabling Framework. Kazakhstan Preface Kazakhstan is rich in oil, coal, gas and uranium resources to provide affordable energy supply to economy development. Share of power production by sources in 2013 was as follows: on coal - 73.2%; gas - 18.4%; Large Hydro Power - 8.1%; Renewable energy sources (RES) (including small hydro power) - 0.3% ( about 570 million kWh). The energy sector of Kazakhstan is the most carbon intensive because power generation is mostly coal based; Nevertheless, Kazakhstan took a course on the development of the Green Economy and incorporated the environment issues into all strategic documents. The Government of Kazakhstan is implementing policy of supporting renewable energy sources (RES) development since 2013, considers the new technologies of more efficient combustion of coal- the prevailing fuel used in energy sector. It also looks at increasing local content while implementing the “State Program on Industrial Development of Kazakhstan for 2015-2019” (further “the Program” or SPAIID-2) which is the main driver of Kazakhstan economy development. Principles of “Green Economy” development are incorporated in all strategic documents and a number government support mechanisms for innovative and energy saving technologies are provided by the legislation. The strategic targets, such as: 3% of RES in total electricity production and 25% reduction of energy intensity of GDP by 2020 are in our focus. However, specific measures are necessary in order to overcome barriers to introducing prioritized technologies in the power production and cement production sub-sectors in order to contribute to voluntary overall target to reduce 7% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions below 1990 level by 2020 and 15% reduction by 2025 compared with the 1992 GHG emissions level. Implementation of pilot projects will reduce electricity shortages in the energy deficit regions, provide coverage of semi-peak loads, increase power quality, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, during construction and operation, additional jobs will be created. 3 Barriers Analysis and Enabling Framework. Kazakhstan CONTENT Preface ............................................................................................................................................ 3 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ....................................................................................................... 7 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................... 9 CHAPTER 1. Power production subsector ............................................................................... 12 1.1. Preliminary targets for technology transfer and diffusion .......................................... 12 1.2. Barrier analysis and possible enabling measures for small hydro power technology ..... 14 1.2.1 General description of the small hydro power technology ........................................... 14 1.2.2. Identification of barriers for small hydro power technology ....................................... 15 1.2.3 Identified measures ....................................................................................................... 22 1.3. Barrier analysis and possible enabling measures for efficient coal combustion technology .............................................................................................................................. 26 1.3.1. General description of the technology ......................................................................... 26 1.3.2. Identification of barriers for efficient coal combustion technology ............................. 27 1.4. Identified measures .......................................................................................................... 34 1.4.1. Economic and financial measures ................................................................................ 35 1.4.2 Non-financial measures ................................................................................................. 36 1.5 Linkages of the barriers identified .................................................................................... 37 1.6. Enabling framework for overcoming barriers in power production subsector ............... 39 CHAPTER 2. Cement production subsector ............................................................................ 42 2.1. Preliminary targets for technology transfer and diffusion ............................................... 42 2.2. Barrier analysis and possible enabling measures for energy efficient cement production technology .............................................................................................................................. 43 2.2.1 General description of the energy efficient cement production technology ................. 43 2.2.2 Identification of barriers for the energy efficient cement production technology ........ 45 2.3. Identified measures .......................................................................................................... 52 2.3.1 Economic and financial measures ................................................................................. 52 2.3.2 Non-financial measures ................................................................................................. 53 2.4. Barrier analysis and possible enabling measures for transition from wet to dry cement production technology ............................................................................................................ 58 2.4.1 General description of the transition from wet to dry cement production technology . 58 2.4.2. Identification of barriers for the transition from wet to dry cement production technology .............................................................................................................................. 59 2.4.3. Identified measures ...................................................................................................... 63 2.5. Linkages of the barriers identified ................................................................................... 68 4 Barriers Analysis and Enabling Framework. Kazakhstan 2.6. Enabling framework for overcoming the barriers in cement production subsector ........ 69 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................... 72 List of References......................................................................................................................... 74 Annex I. LPA and Market maps for prioritized technologies ................................................. 77 Annex II. Summary of initial lists of barriers for prioritized technologies............................ 87 Annex III. Additional data ........................................................................................................ 101 Annex IV. List of stakeholders involved and their contacts .................................................. 107 Annex V. Policy Fact Sheets ..................................................................................................... 109 Annex VI. Questionnaire on barriers to the diffusion of a climate technology ................... 122 List of Tables Table 1. The category of the selected technology ................................................................................ 10 Table 2. General targets for power production subsector ..................................................................... 12 Table 3.Scores of assessment of financial measures for small hydropower technology ..................... 24 Table 4.Scores of assessment of financial measures for efficient coal combustion technology ......... 36 Table 5.Summary of barriers identified for prioritized technologies in power production subsector 38 Table 6. Enabling business environment of power subsector technologies considered ...................... 39 Table 7.Service providers and services provision of power subsector technologies considered ........ 40 Table 8. Review of cement production market in Kazakhstan for 2015.............................................. 44 Table 9.Economic parameters of both prioritized technologies in cement production subsector ....... 46 Table 10.Scores of assessment of financial measures for energy efficient cement production technology ............................................................................................................................. 53 Table 11.Scores of assessment of financial measures for transition from wet to dry cement production technology .........................................................................................................