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For more information about Aluka, please see http://www.aluka.org/. Page 1 of 38 Alternative title Sechaba Author/Creator African National Congress (Lusaka, Zambia) Publisher African National Congress (Lusaka, Zambia) Date 1986-07 Resource type Journals (Periodicals) Language English Subject Coverage (spatial) South Africa Coverage (temporal) 1986 Source Digital Imaging South Africa (DISA) Rights By kind permission of the African National Congress (ANC). Format extent 36 page(s) (length/size) Page 2 of 38 SECHABAJULY 1986official organ of the african national congress south africaFROM UNGOVERNABILITY TO PEOPLE'S POWER Page 3 of 38 SECHABA and other ANCpublications are obtainablefrom the followingANC addresses:ALGERIA5 Rue Ben M'hidi LarbiAlgiers.ANGOLAPO Box 3523Luanda.AUSTRALIABox 49 Trades Hall (Room 23)4 Goulburn StreetSydney NSW 2000.BELGIUM9c Rue de RUSSiC 1060Bruxelles.CANADAPO Box 302Adelaide Postal StationTorontoOntario M5C-214.CUBACalle 21aNR 20617Esyuina 214 AtaheyHavana.DENMARKLandgreven 7/3 1301Copenhagen K.l1i't P 15 Ahmad I%hmat StreetZanlalckCairo.ETHIOPIAPO Box 7483Addis Ababa.I R \\('I18 Rue des Petites Ecuries75010 Parisl&ll\IA\ DLMOCRAIIC RLPI 1iLILAngerweg 2WilhehnsruhBerlin 1106.FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANYPosttach 1901405300 Bonn I.INDIAFlat 68Bhagat Singh MarketNew -Delhi I .ITALYVia S. Prisca ISa00153 Rome.MADAGASCARPO Box 80Tananarive.NIGERIAFederal GovernmentSpecial Guest HouseVictoria IslandLagos.SENEGAL26 Avenue Albert SarrautDakar Box 34 20.SWEDENPO Box 2073 S-103 12Stockholm 2.TANZANIAPO Box 2239 Dar es Salaam.PO Box 680 Morogoro.UNITED KINGDOMPO Box 3828 Penton StreetLondon NI 9PRUNITED STATES801 Second Avenue Apt 405New York NYC 10017ZAMBIAPO Box 31791Lusaka.LISTEN TO:Radio FreedomVoice of the African National Congressand Umkhonto We Sizwe, the People's Army.Radio Luandashort wave: 30 & 40 in. bandsmedium wave: 27.6 in. band7.30 p.m. daily.Radio Lusakashots wave: 31 m. band. 9580 KHz7.15-8.00 p.m. Monday to Friday10.05-10.35 p.m. Wednesday10.30-11.00 p.m. Friday7.00-8.00 p.m. Saturday8.00-8.45 p.m. Sunday, 17895 KH/.Radio Madagascarshort wave: 49 m. hand, 6135 KHz9.30-10.00 p.m. daily.Radio Ethiopiashort wave: 31 m. band. 9545 KH/9.30-16.00 p.m. daily.Radio TanzaniaShort wave: 19 m. hand. 15435 KHzSunday. Monday. Wednesday. Friday.8.15 p.m.31 m, band,Tuesday. Thursday & Saturday.6.15 a.m.Published be theAfrican National Congress of South AfricaP.O. Box 31791, LUSAKA, ZAMBIAPrinted by the Druckerei 'Erich Weinert',20011 Neubrandenburg, G.D.R. Page 4 of 38 Page 5 of 38 SECHABAJULY 1986CONTENTS:EDITORIALThe Masses Strike Fear in the Enemy ....................................... 1THE IDEOLOGY OF RACISMSpeech by President O R Tambo ...........................................2PASSIVE RESISTANCE - AND AFTERThe Indian Congress in South AfricaBy Das Gupta...........................................................9ANC INTERNATIONAL ........................................... 14WHAT CAN THE WORLD LEARNFROM SOUTH AFRICAN LITERATURE?By Wally Serote........................................................15CENTRE PAGEWomen Fighters - Inside and Outside Apartheid Jails ........................ 16ARTISTS HAVE A MORAL RESPONSIBILITYJonas Gwangwa Speaks to Francis Meli .................................... 20ANC STATEMENTS ...............................................28LETTER TO THE EDITOR ....................................... 30The front cover shows part of the funeral of seven people ambushed and shot inGugulethu, March 1986.The picture on page 2 is b), courtesy of'the Third World Foundation.Send Hour subscriptions to:Sechaba PublicationsP.(). l;ox ;R, 28 Penton Street, London N 1 9PRUnited KingdomTelephone: 01-837 21112Telex: 29955ANCSAG Telegrams: NlayibuyeDonations Helcome Page 6 of 38 THE MASSES STRIKE FEAR IN THE ENEMYThe South African racists are in a panic.They have pulled down the steel shutteron the laager into which they haveretreated. They have declared a nation-wide state of emergency,four days beforethe tenth anniversary of the Soweto upris-ing - June 16th.This has been done in deliberate defianceof the international community and the de-mand for comprehensive and mandatorysanctions. This ban on extra-parliamentaryopposition has meant that hundreds of ac-tivists have been detained, and others wentinto hiding. Soweto has been sealed off toall "non-residents," including the media.These sweeping powers given to thesecurity forces are so wide-ranging thatthey ban the taking of photographs, thedissemination of news overseas, and pro-hibit any writing or recording, as well.asuttering "within the hearing of any otherperson," any "subversive statement."This state of emergency has been impos-ed at a time when more than 1 600 peoplehave lost their lives since 1984; after theracists attacked Botswana, Zimbabwe andZambia on May 19th and caused untolddamage to the economy of Angola.Far from solving its problems, theregime is compounding the situation foritself. The ANC is the only organisationthat can solve the crisis which the regimehas plunged the country into.We have said this over and over again.But now let us hear from others. The Emi-nent Persons' Group reports that they drawthe conlusion that,while the racist regimeclaims to be ready to negotiated, it is intruth not yet prepared to negotiate fun-damental change, nor to countenance thecreation of genuine democratic structures,norto face the prospect of the end of Whitedomination and White power in theforeseeable future. Its programme ofreform does not end apartheid but seeksto give it a less inhuman face. Its quest ispower-sharing, but without surrenderingoverall White control.This Eminent Persons' Group goes fur-ther to say:"There can be no negotiated settlement inSouth Africa without the ANC; the breadthof its support is incontestible; and this sup-port is growing."They have other things to say about thepeople:"Put in the most simple way, the Blackshave had enough of apartheid. They areno longer prepared to submit to its oppres-sion, discrimination and exploitation. Theycan no longer stomach being treated asaliens in their own country. They have con-fidence not merely in the justice of theircause, but in the inevitability of their vic-tory. Unlike the earlier periods of unrestand government attempts to stamp out pro-test, there has been during the past 18months no outflow of Black refugees fromSouth Africa. The strength of Black con-victions is now matched by a readiness todie for those convictions. They will,therefore, sustain their struggle, whateverthe cost." Page 7 of 38 THE IDEOLOGY OF RACISMSpeech by President TamboOn May 5th President Tambo received the fifthannual Third World Prize on behalf of Nelsonand Winnie Mandela in Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia. Nelson and Winnie Mandela wereawarded the prize in "fecognition of theiroutstanding contribution to Third World pro-gress." Jointly sponsored by the Third WorldFoundation and the Malaysian Institute for Socialand Economic Studies (London) and the Malay-sian Institute of Strategic and InternationalStudies (ISIS), the prize-giving ceremonybecame an act of solidarity with our strugglingpeople. The Malaysian Prime Minister, DatoSeri Dr Mahathir Mohamad, said, "If we mustmeet terror with force, this is the time to meetterror with force," and he called on those whoseeconomic clout has the the necessary force to"apply economic sanctions."We reproduce excerpts from President O RTambo's speech on the occasion.We are meeting here today to honour two SouthAfricans, Nelson and Winnie Mandela, whosymbolise those prisoners, the first with the nar-rower and the second, the wider meaning of thatterm. We meet not to express sympathy eitherwith them or with the millions of people of whomthey are part, but rather, to salute and pay tributeto them for their steadfastness in the struggle togive birth to a world in which those of us whoare blessed with the skin colour you see on ourhands and faces will no longer be victims of op-pression, exploitation and degradation.The cause for which our people are paying thesupreme sacrifice daily and for which NelsonMandela, Walter Sisulu, Govan Mbeki, HarryGwala, Ahmed Kathrada, Elias Motsoaledi andothers have been sentenced to life imprisonment,has a significance which extends far beyond theborders of our country.Pernicious Ideology of RacismFor, what they are fighting against is the per-nicious ideology of racism, the accumulatedrefuse of centuries of an anti-human prejudicePresident 7iunho receiving the prize fromthe Prime Minister of Malaysiawhich seeks to define people as inferior, as notfully human,