The Republic of Yemen Ministry of Water and Environment Environmental Protection Authority Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) YEMEN NATIONAL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Sana’a - May, 2008 Environment Protection Authority (EPA) Yemen National Imlementation Plan for POPs Members of the National Coordination Team # The name Authority 1 Dr. Gamal Al-Lawzi Environment Protection Authority 2 Salim Baguhaizel Environment Protection Authority 3 Rageeb Ahmed Ali Ministry of Public Works and Roads 4 Awad Said Al-Hanshi Ministry of Social Affairs and Labor 5 Abdullah Numan Ministry of Oil and Minerals 6 Eng. Ali Al-Dobhani Environment Protection Authority 7 Dr. Abdel Fattah Thabit Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation 8 Eng. Abdullah Obadi Yemenis Consumer Society 9 Dr. Yassin Hazza’a Ministry of Public Health and Population 10 Eng. Abdu Sinan Ministry of Industry and Trade 11 Mehdi Tarah Chamber of Commerce and Industry 12 Dr. Ahmad Al-Aghil 2 Environment Protection Authority (EPA) Yemen National Imlementation Plan for POPs Table of Contents Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................... 10 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 13 1.1. STOCKHOLM CONVENTION ........................................................................................ 13 1.2. Persistent Organic Pollutants ............................................................................................. 14 1.3. The Compilation Process of NIP in Yemen ....................................................................... 15 2. General Profile of the Republic of Yemen ................................................................................ 19 2.1. Natural and Demographic Structure of Yemen ...................................................................... 19 2.2. Population ........................................................................................................................... 19 2.2.1. Fertility and Mortality ................................................................................................. 20 2.3. Fertility and Mortality ........................................................................................................ 20 2.4. Geographical Structure of Yemen ...................................................................................... 21 2.4.1. The Coastal Plain Territory ......................................................................................... 21 2.4.2. The Mountainous Heights Territory ............................................................................ 22 2.4.3. Territory of Mountainous Basins ................................................................................ 22 2.4.4. Territory of Plateau Basins .......................................................................................... 23 2.4.5. Territory of the Sahara ................................................................................................ 23 2.5. The Yemeni Islands ............................................................................................................ 23 2.6. Climate ............................................................................................................................... 23 2.7. Health ................................................................................................................................. 24 2.8. Industry and Agriculture .................................................................................................... 25 3. Assessment of POPs issues in Yemen ....................................................................................... 29 3.1. Legal Tools Of Chemicals Management ............................................................................ 29 3.1.1. Laws Concerning pesticides ........................................................................................ 29 3.1.2. Laws Concerning the Management of Chemicals ....................................................... 30 3.1.4. International Treaties and Conventions Signed by the Government of Yemen .............. 34 3.1.5. POPs Legal and regulatory bylaws in Yemen ................................................................. 34 3.2. POPs Management, monitoring and control in Yemen .......................................................... 40 3.2.3. The Activities of Non-Governmental Actors in the Management of Chemicals ............ 41 خطأ! اﻹشارة المرجعية غير ّمعرفة. .............................................................................. Conclusion .3.2.4 3.2.6. The Infrastructure of the Central Laboratory for Analysis and Registration of Pesticides (Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation) .................................................................................... 43 3.2.9. International Linkages ..................................................................................................... 44 3.2.9.1. International Linkages .............................................................................................. 44 3.3. POPs Pesticides in Yemen ..................................................................................................... 46 3.3.1. Introduction: .................................................................................................................... 46 3.3. 2. Stages of the development and use of pesticides: ......................................................... 47 3.3.3. The use of pesticides in Yemen ....................................................................................... 48 3.3.4. Availability of pesticides in Yemen ............................................................................... 51 3.3.5. Increasing numbers of farmers ........................................................................................ 51 3.3.6. Chemical safety in pesticides .......................................................................................... 52 3.3.7. Central laboratory of analysis of pesticides .................................................................... 52 3.3.8. Protection of environment ............................................................................................... 53 3.3.9. Inventory of POPs ........................................................................................................... 53 3.3.10. Final results of the inventory ......................................................................................... 54 3.3.11. Classification of pesticides circulating in Yemen: ........................................................ 54 Groups of chemical pesticides in circulation: ....................................................................... 54 3.3.12. Problems facing circulation of pesticides in Yemen ..................................................... 55 3 Environment Protection Authority (EPA) Yemen National Imlementation Plan for POPs 3.3.13. Final results of the inventory of POPs in Yemen .......................................................... 55 3.3.14. Factors affecting the accumulation of expired pesticides ............................................. 56 3.3.15. Risks and dangers of expired pesticides: ....................................................................... 56 3.3.16. Yemen’s efforts to eliminate POPs: .............................................................................. 57 3.3.17. Phases of the disposal of POPs in the Republic of Yemen: .......................................... 57 1) The old pesticides disposal project 1987-1996: ................................................................ 57 Implementation stage ............................................................................................................ 58 2) Project of getting rid of pesticides buried in Sordod productivity farm 1992-2004. ........ 60 خطأ! اﻹشارة المرجعية غير مع ّرفة. ............................................................................ Conclusion .3.3.18 خطأ! اﻹشارة المرجعية غير ّمعرفة. ........................................... Production, Export and Import of POPs خطأ! اﻹشارة المرجعية غير ّمعرفة. ........................................................................... Soil Contamination خطأ! اﻹشارة المرجعية غير ّمعرفة. .................................................................................... Conclusion خطأ! اﻹشارة المرجعية غير ّمعرفة. .......................................................................... Chemical Poisoning خطأ! اﻹشارة المرجعية غير ّمعرفة. ................................................... Agricultural Pesticide Residues خطأ! اﻹشارة المرجعية غير ّمعرفة. .......................................................................... Hazardous Waste 3.4. PCBs in Yemen ...................................................................................................................... 62 3.4.1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 62 3.4.2. Obstacles of Inventory Process ....................................................................................... 64 3.5. DDT in Yemen ....................................................................................................................... 65 خطأ! اﻹشارة المرجعية غير ّمعرفة. .. Production, Import, Export and Use of Chemical Materials .3.5.1 3.6. Dioxins and Furans (PCDD