Fisheries and Hatchery Management Plan (FHMP) Draft Final Cowlitz Hydroelectric Project FERC No. 2016 Tacoma Power 3628 S 35th Street Tacoma, WA 98409 October 2019 Cowlitz Hydroelectric Project (FERC No. 2016) Draft Final FHMP (October 2019) Contents CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.0 Introduction............................................................................................ 1-1 1.1 Federal Energy Regulatory Commission License ..................................... 1-5 1.1.1. Settlement Agreement ....................................................................................................... 1-5 1.1.2. Applicable License Articles ................................................................................................ 1-6 1.2 Fisheries and Hatchery Management Plan (FHMP) ................................. 1-8 1.2.1. Purpose of the Fisheries and Hatchery Management Plan ............................................. 1-10 1.3 Endangered Species Act Regulatory Framework ................................... 1-11 1.3.1. NOAA Fisheries Biological Opinion .................................................................................. 1-12 1.3.2. Cowlitz River Subbasin Plans .......................................................................................... 1-12 1.3.3. National Marine Fisheries Service Recovery Plan ........................................................... 1-13 1.3.4. Hatchery Genetics Management Plans (HGMPs) ........................................................... 1-14 1.3.5. Conservation and Sustainable Fisheries Plan ................................................................. 1-15 1.4 Population Restoration and Recovery................................................... 1-15 1.4.1. Preservation to Recolonization ........................................................................................ 1-19 1.4.2. Recolonization to Local Adaptation .................................................................................. 1-20 1.4.3. Local Adaptation to Full Restoration ................................................................................ 1-20 1.4.4. Full Restoration ................................................................................................................ 1-21 1.4.5. Recovery Plan Productivity Targets ................................................................................. 1-21 CHAPTER 2: COWLITZ BASIN OVERVIEW 2.0 Cowlitz Basin Overview ........................................................................... 2-1 2.1 Hydroelectric Facilities............................................................................ 2-3 2.2 Cowlitz River Management Time Line ..................................................... 2-3 2.3 Cowlitz River Fishes ................................................................................ 2-6 2.4 Fish Facilities ........................................................................................... 2-6 2.4.1. Hatchery Facilities .............................................................................................................. 2-7 2.4.2. Upstream Passage ........................................................................................................... 2-10 2.4.3. Downstream Passage ...................................................................................................... 2-10 2.4.4. Satellite Rearing Facilities ................................................................................................ 2-10 2.5 Hatchery Production ............................................................................. 2-10 2.6 Fish Management ................................................................................. 2-12 2.7 Adaptive Management ......................................................................... 2-13 2.8 Monitoring and Evaluation ................................................................... 2-14 CHAPTER 3: FALL CHINOOK SALMON 3.0. Fall Chinook Salmon: Overview .............................................................. 3-1 3.0.1. Program Focus ................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.0.2. Population Structure ........................................................................................................... 3-2 3.0.3. Life History Diversity........................................................................................................... 3-4 3.0.4. History ................................................................................................................................ 3-5 3.0.5. Distribution ......................................................................................................................... 3-9 Contents Page i Cowlitz Hydroelectric Project (FERC No. 2016) Draft Final FHMP (October 2019) 3.0.6. Abundance ....................................................................................................................... 3-10 3.0.7. Harvest ............................................................................................................................. 3-10 3.0.8. Natural Production............................................................................................................ 3-12 3.0.9. Artificial Production........................................................................................................... 3-14 3.0.10. Survival and Productivity .................................................................................................. 3-15 3.0.11. Proportionate Natural Influence and Age Composition .................................................... 3-15 3.0.12. Marking and Tagging ....................................................................................................... 3-16 3.0.13. Summary .......................................................................................................................... 3-17 3.1. Fall Chinook Salmon: Lower Cowlitz Subbasin Population ................... 3-19 3.1.1. Purpose ............................................................................................................................ 3-19 3.1.2. Population Description ..................................................................................................... 3-19 3.1.3. Natural Production............................................................................................................ 3-22 3.1.4. Hatchery Production ......................................................................................................... 3-26 3.1.5. Proportionate Natural Influence ....................................................................................... 3-29 3.1.6. Future Management ......................................................................................................... 3-29 3.1.7. Summary .......................................................................................................................... 3-38 3.2. Fall Chinook Salmon: Upper Cowlitz Subbasin Population ................... 3-41 3.2.1. Purpose ............................................................................................................................ 3-41 3.2.2. Population Description ..................................................................................................... 3-42 3.2.3. Natural Production............................................................................................................ 3-43 3.2.4. Hatchery Production ......................................................................................................... 3-48 3.2.5. Proportionate Natural Influence ....................................................................................... 3-49 3.2.6. Future Management ......................................................................................................... 3-49 3.2.7. Summary .......................................................................................................................... 3-58 CHAPTER 4: SPRING CHINOOK SALMON 4.0. Spring Chinook Salmon: Overview ......................................................... 4-1 4.0.1. Program Focus ................................................................................................................... 4-1 4.0.2. Population Structure ........................................................................................................... 4-3 4.0.3. Life History Diversity........................................................................................................... 4-5 4.0.4. History ................................................................................................................................ 4-5 4.0.5. Distribution ......................................................................................................................... 4-7 4.0.6. Abundance ......................................................................................................................... 4-9 4.0.7. Harvest ............................................................................................................................. 4-10 4.0.8. Natural Production............................................................................................................ 4-11 4.0.9. Artificial Production........................................................................................................... 4-12 4.0.10. Survival and Productivity .................................................................................................