Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 1998 Mind and the Inner-Outer Dichotomy Richard Baluck Loyola University Chicago Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss Part of the Philosophy Commons Recommended Citation Baluck, Richard, "Mind and the Inner-Outer Dichotomy" (1998). Dissertations. 3747. https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss/3747 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 1998 Richard Baluck LOYOLA UNIVERSITY CIIlCAGO MIND AND THE INNER-OUTER DICHOTOMY A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY BY RICHARD BALUCK CHICAGO, ILLINOIS MAY 1998 Copyright by Richard J. Baluck, 1998 .. ~ ,'4.. • . •' ! . ,.......... PREFACE This dissertation is the product of an evolutionary process that began in 1979 when I was an undergraduate student at Youngstown State University pursuing a dual major in English and Mathematics. During the Spring Semester of that year I was enrolled in two courses that had great influence on me-Professor Judith Knapp's course on Linguistics and Professor Albert Klein's course on Mathematical Logic. For Professor Knapp's class I wrote a paper on two interrelated functions oflanguage, the functions of naming and describing. The paper incorporated what I had learned about logical form in Professor Klein's class. I based my essay on a view according to which we divide the world into various partitions and use linguistic statements to simultaneously refer to these partitions and describe the relations obtaining between them. Professor Knapp was encouraging of my paper and provided a class session for me to present my ideas, inviting other faculty members to attend. Over the years that followed I maintained interest in the ideas that germinated from these experiences. As my thought continued I found myself often returning to the theme of inner-outer relations. Later I enrolled as a graduate student in the Department of Philosophy at Loyola University Chicago specifically to develop further what I had started several years prior. The Philosophy Department provided a rich environment for me to explore the many facets of the topic of my interest and to assimilate an abundance of relevant literature. During this time I worked extensively with Professor Suzanne Cunningham, the director 111 of this dissertation, who provided opportunities to do several independent studies on topics that were relevant to my pursuits and the guidance I needed to bring this project to fruition. I would like to extend my gratitude to Professor Cunningham and the other members of my dissertation committee, Professor Paul Moser and Professor Arnold vander Nat. The discussions and challenges that each of them engaged me in over the course of my work contribute immeasurably to the final product. To My Parents James and Mary Alice Baluck TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE ................................................................................................................ 111 TABLE OF FIGURES ................................................................................................. ix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION, DEVELOPMENT OF THE THESIS AND PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF THE SUBJECT MATTER ••••.••...•• 1 A. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 1 B. DEVELOPMENT AND STATEMENT OF THE THESIS ..................................... 3 C. PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE ANALYSIS ............................ 17 1. A Preliminary Analysis Of The Subject Matter ................................................... 17 2. Methodological Considerations ......................................................................... 22 CHAPTER II: ANALYSIS OF INNER-OUTER EXPRESSIONS CONCERNING SPATIAL OBJECTS AND RELATIONS........................................... 28 A. BASIC COMPONENTS OF MEANING OF SPATIAL INNER-OUTER EXPRESSIONS ......................................................................... 28 B. TRUTH-CONDITIONS FOR SPATIAL INNER-OUTER EXPRESSIONS ......... 35 1. A Point Inside/Outside an Interval On a One-Dimensional Line ........................ 37 2. A Point Inside/Outside ofa Geometric Figure in 2-Dimensions .. ....................... 42 3. Complex Cases of Two-Dimensional Partitions.................................................. 47 4. Irregular Cases: Unclosed Partitions................................................................. 49 5. Extending the Analysis to 3-Dimensiona/ Cases ................................................. 51 C. GENERAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE ANALYSIS OF SPATIAL INNER-OUTER EXPRESSIONS ....................................................... 52 CHAPTER III: ANALYSIS OF NON-SPATIAL INNER-OUTER EXPRESSIONS ................................................................................ 55 A. NON-SPATIAL RELATIONAL SYSTEMS ........................................................ 57 B. RELATIONAL SYSTEMS AND METAPHOR ................................................... 75 C. TRUTH-CONDITIONS FOR NON-SPATIAL INNER-OUTER EXPRESSIONS ................................................................................................... 82 D. A GENERAL TREATMENT OF TRUTH-CONDITIONS FOR INNER-OUTER EXPRESSIONS ENTAILING OTHER SIMPLE RELATIONAL SYSTEMS .................................................................................. 88 E. THE IMPLICIT FORM OF NON-SPATIAL RELATIONAL SYSTEMS ............ 92 F. EXPRESSIONS ENTAILING MULTIPLE RELATIONAL SYSTEMS ............... 95 G. CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................................. 98 Vl CHAPTER IV: INNER-OUTER EXPRESSIONS ENTAILING REFERENCE TO DISCRETE SYSTEMS............................................................. I 01 A. INNER-OUTER EXPRESSIONS ENTAILING REFERENCE TO SYSTEMS. 103 1. The Notion ()j' "Function" ............................................................................... 104 a) The Good Consequence Doctrine: ................................................................ 107 b) The Goal Doctrine: ...................................................................................... 109 c) The Explanation Doctrine: ........................................................................... 109 d) Achinstein' s View: ...................................................................................... 110 e) Cummins' Account: ..................................................................................... 111 2. The Structure ofFunctional Relations: ............................................................ 116 a) The nature of functional analysis: ................................................................. 117 i) Interpolative Analysis: .............................................................................. 117 ii) Extrapolative Synthesis: ........................................................................... 118 b) The Relativity of Functional Ascription ....................................................... 121 c) Functional Relations: ................................................................................... 123 d) The Notion of Capacity: ............................................................................... 126 e) Capacital Systems and Functional Schemes: ................................................ 129 f) The Ordering ofCapacital and Functional Systems ....................................... 134 3. Truth-Conditions For Inner-Outer Expressions Asserting that Something Is Inside Or Outside A Given System ................................................................ 139 B. INNER-OUTER EXPRESSIONS DESCRIBING FUNCTIONAL STATES ...... 145 C. INNER-OUTER EXPRESSIONS FOR THE CONTEXT OF GAMES .............. 165 D. INNER-OUTERLANGUAGE FOR THE CONTEXT OFSET-THEORETIC DISCOURSE ...................................................................................................... 176 CHAPTER V: GENERAL RESULTS OF THE ANALYSES OF INNER-OUTER LANGUAGE AND APPLICATIONS TO THE PHaOSOPHY OF MIND ...................................................... 194 A. GENERAL RESULTS OF THE ANALYSES OF INNER-OUTER LANGUAGE ...................................................................................................... 194 1. Formulation OfA General Model For Inner-Outer Expressions....................... 194 2. Assessing The Adequacy Of The Model ............................................................ 200 B. APPLICATION OF THE ANALYSIS OF INNER-OUTER EXPRESSIONS TO THE CONTEXT OF DISCOURSE ON MIND ................. 208 1. That Inner-Outer Language For The Context OfDiscourse On Mind Can Have A Literal Sense ................................................................................ 209 a) Ryle's Claim That Inner-Outer Expressions Are Spatial Metaphors And Consequently Meaningless For Discourse On Mind ..................................... 209 b) A Critical Assessment OfRyle's Account .................................................... 213 c) On The Possibility Of A Literal Sense For Inner-Outer Expressions For The Context Of Theoretical Discourse On Mind .........................................