University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies Legacy Theses 1999 Developing crown land in northern Ontario for the purposes of adventure and nature tourism Violi, Jeff Violi, J. (1999). Developing crown land in northern Ontario for the purposes of adventure and nature tourism (Unpublished master's thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. doi:10.11575/PRISM/23656 http://hdl.handle.net/1880/25363 master thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced fFom the micrdilm master. 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Higher quality 6' x Q bLdr and white photog-ic prints are available for any phtographs or illustmtbm -ring in this for an additional charge. Corrtad UMI diredly ba order. Wl&Howdl lnfomration and LgarninQ 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346 USA NOTE TO USERS This reproduction is the best copy available. The University of Calgary Developing Crown Land in Northern Ontario for the Purposes of Adventure and Nature Tourism BY Jeff Violi A Masters Degree Project submitted to the Faculty of Environmental Design in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Environmental Design: Planning. Faculty of Environmental Design Calgary, Alberta O March, 1999 National Libmy Bi#iinatimak du Canada Acquisitiis and Acquisitians et Bibliographic Services services biMiiraphiques 395 weuington street 395. w- OrtawaON KIA OW OatawaON KIAOCIW Canada Canada The author has granted a non- L'autem a accorde une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive pennettant a la National Library of Canada to Bibliotheque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distn-bute or sell reproduire, praer, distniuer ou copies of this thesis m microform, vendre des copies de cette these sow paper or electronic formats. la fonne de microfiche/film, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format electronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriete du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'autew qui protege cette these. thesis nor substantial extracts from it Ni la these ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or 6therwise de celle-ci ne doivent 6eimprimis reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son autorisation, Copies of this project can be obtained from: The Resource Centre Faculty of Environmental Design Professional Faculties Building A The University of Calgary 2500 University Drive N.W. Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4 or from: Jeff Violi 9 L'Estrange P1 Toronto, ON M6S 4S6 4 16-767-8329 Acknowledgements My thanks goes out to all the people who assisted me with this project especially: the producers, Aldo Violi, Nancy Violi, and Alma Clark; the committee members, professors Theresa Baxter and Mryka Hall-Beyer, the editors, Andrew Violi, Paula Violi, and Preeti Adhopia ; and the concept co-creator less Parker. Special thanks also goes out to: Grant Ross, original supervisor Me1 Crystal, President, Crystai Resolution Inc. Linda CampbelI, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Wawa District The Mr. BilUMarino/Aldona combination The CAPS'98 Committee & everyone at 926 zndAve. N.W. This project was conceived August 1997 on the West Spanish River. Abstract Developing Crown Land in Northern Ontario for the Purposes of Adventure and Nature Tourism Prepared in partid fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Environmental Design: Planning. Supervisor: Professor Theresa Baxter Over the last fifty years the world has seen dramatic changes in the way people travel from one place to another. In fact, it is not only the manner of travel that has changed but so too the destinations, the reasons, and the frequency. From this change a contemporary form of travel that espouses a deep respect for the people. places, and things being visited has evolved with specialized foci on conservation, the respectful inclusion of local people in the planning process, and natural environments. This type of travel is known as ecotourism and encompasses subsets such as adventure and nature tourism. Canada, and more specific to this report, Ontario, inherently offer tremendous opportunities to seek out such travel, pmticularly throughout their vast northern lands. It is the purpose of this Masters Degree Project to determine the potential for expanding adventure and nature tourism in Northern Ontario. Potential will be discussed in context OF: the degree of interest shown by the provincial government and its various ministries; an inventory of applicable adventure and nature resources; the regulations pertaining to land development for tourism facilities; and possible development constraints. These objectives will be accomplished using a variety of tools including: literature surveys, personal communications, a case study, map and air photo interpretation, and field observations. Recommendations are proposed relating to such issues as: adventure and nature tourism inventories of provincial and national parks, and private sector facilities; recognition of adventure and nature tourism in policy documents and initiatives; reductions in pollution; adventure and nature tourism inventories of all Crown Land; the need for full environmental impact assessment in tourism facility development; and distinguishing consumptive and non-consumptive tourism facilities. Key words: ecotourism, adventure and nature tourism, wilderness planning, land planning, Crown Land development. Table of Contents LIST OF MAPS LIST OF PHOTOS LIST OF TABLES Lrsr OF GRAPHS CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 5 CHAPTER TWO: CONTEMPORARY TRENDS IN TOURISM 14 CHAPTER THREE: ADVENTURE AND NATURE TOURISM 23 INTRODUCTION ADVENTURE AND NATURETOURISM IN CANADA ADVE~~REAND NATURETOURISM IN ONTARIO ADVENTUREAND NATURETOURISM IN SOUTHERNONTARIO ADVENTUREAND NATURETOURISM N NORTHERN ONTARIO EmcsOF ADvE~AND NATURE TOURISMEXPANSION CONCLUSIONS CHAPTER FOUR: LAND PLANNING AND THE PROMOTION OF ADVENTURE AND NAmTOURlSM IN TEE BOREAL EAST PLANNMC AREA OF NORTHERN INTRODUCTION THELAND PLANNING PROCESS IN NORT~ERNONTARIO ADVE~W AM) NATURETOURISM RESOURCE INvENTOR[ES CONFLICT OF INTEREST BETWEEN COMPETINGINDUSTRIES CONCLUSIONS CHAPTER FIVE: CONSTRAINTS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ADVENTURE AND NATURE TOUFUSM 46 MININGAND MINERALPROCESSING PULPAND PAPERMAKING HYDROELECTRICITY GENERATION ONT~~RIO:POLLUTION IX PERSPECTNE Coxc~usro~s CHAPTER SIX: LOCATING WILDERNESS ENVIRONMENT THE BOREAL EAST PLANNING AREA OF NORTHERN ONTARIO 59 INTRODUCTION SITESELECTION METHODOLOGY LIMITATIONS MAP ANALYSLS- PHASEONE L:l500 000 CIRCA1992 TRANSPORTATIONALTERNATIVES DRAINAGEBASINS PHASEONE FINDINGS MAP ANALYSIS- PHASElkvo 1:100 000 CIRCA 1985 HORWOODLAKE CAMERONLAKE KAB~NAKAGAMILAKE ESNAGILAKE PHASE2 FINDINGS MAP ANALYSIS- RIMETIIREE 150 000 CIRCA1979 ROADS TOPOGRAPHYAND GEOMORPHOLOGICXLFEATURES PHASETHREE FINDINGS Co~cLusrons CHAPTER SEVEN: EVALUATING THE ESNAGI LAKE AREA FOR ADVENTURE AND NATURE TOURISM POTENTIAL 77 INTRODUCTION LITERATUREREVIEW AND INTERNET SEARCHOF THE ESNAGILAKE AREA THEDUBREUIL BROTHERS INDUSTRY CLIMATE LAKE ECOLOGY MARSHECOLOGY FORESTECOLOGY INSECTS MAMMALSAND OTHERLIVING THINGS HERITAGEAND CULTURE ENVIRONMENTALHISTORY AIR PHOTO INTERPRETATION AIR PHOTO INTERPRETATION- PHASE ONE 150 000 CIRCA 1963 GEOMORPHOLOGICALFEATURES TREESPECIES IDENTIFICATION RECREATIONAL POTE~TIAL SITESELECTION FOR FACILITYDEVELOPMENT AIR RIOTO INTERPRETATION - PHASE TWO 1:60 000 CIRCA 1976 PRELIMINARYCONCLUSIONS SITE VISIT TO ESNAGILAKE FINALCONCLUSIONS CHAPTER EIGHT: THE CROWN LAND DEVELOPMENT PROCESS FOR TOURISM DESTINATION FACILITIES IN THE ESNAGI LAKE AREA 102 INTRODUCT~ON 103 THECROW LANDDEVELOPMENT PROCESS 103 I~VPROVEMENTSNEEDED IN THE CROWNLAND DEVELOPMENTPROCESS 106 FURTHERCONSWERATXONS: TEE RESOURCE BASEDTOURISM POLICY 107 FURTHER CONSIDERATIONS:DEVELOPMENT OF LANDALLOCATED TO FOREST MANAGEMENT 108 CONCLUSIONS 10s CHAPTER NINE: CONCLUSIONS. ISSUES AND RECOMMENDATIONS 110 List of Maps Map 1: The Boreal East Planning Area of Nonhern Ontario Map 2: Esnagi Lake in Context of Local Surroundings Map 3: Esnagi Lake in Context of Provincial Surroundings Map 4: Earth's Terrestriat Biornes Map 5: Ontario's North/South Population Distribution Map 6: Tourism Facilities of the Boreat East Planning Area, Northern Ontario Map 7: The Lands For Life Planning Areas Map 8: Locations