SÊMBADRA E-ISSN: 2716-5043 VOLUME 3 No. 1, April 2021 Halaman 33-39 THE AESTHETIC OF PAMOR LUKIS KERIS PONDOK SENI MAYAPADA IN PAMEKASAN Oktaberia Sakti Maharani Pendidikan Seni Budaya, Pascasarjana, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia Email: [email protected] I Nengah Mariasa Pendidikan Seni Budaya, Pascasarjana, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Pondok Seni Mayapada is a hermitage in Pamekasan MaDura where the community has an activity of making keris. In this place, they proDuce a special and aesthetic keris through the methoD of painting. The keris is painteD using fire meDium. The results are very unique and interesting. The fire keris painting come up in various forms and designs such as paintings of flowers, paintings of fire, and paintings of leaves. Each painting has the same style because the basis of the painting uses fire, so the color result is only black anD white. Keywords: Pamekasan, Keris, Painting, Fire, Aesthetics INTRODUCTION keris can bring goodness, if a ritual offering is Since prehistoric times, the Java (those held to worship and honor the spirits who live who live on the island of Java, Central Java in the keris. Keris care must go through and East Java, or those who come from these special rituals with the aim of giving an two regions) has animism that is belief in appreciation to what the keris contains ancestor spirits who reside in objects, (Ragin, 2007.18) Keris, in the early vegetation plants, animals, and also humans. development comes from the island of Java, These spirits are considered capable of having in the 5th century or 6th (In this century, keris a good or bad impact on the human condition, is still made in a simple form), that is why the even as a repellent for bad things. Such social keris is considered as a culture of Javanese beliefs are still believed by some Javanese (people who speak and use Javanese language people (Sutiyono, 2013, 1). The object that is and its various dialects in their daily life). The considered as a place for ancestral spirits to spread of the keris culture from the island of live is a keris (Putri Fitria, 2014,178). Keris Java is thought to have occurred due to the (ceremonial knive) is seen as a very important expansion and existence of trade relations. object because of its great savor, and is used The spread of keris on a large scale outside by some aristocrats or common people (F.L. the island of Java, especially Sumatra, first Winter, 2009,1). Javanese people believe that occurred when the Singasari kingdom held a 33 Sêmbadra, Vol. 3, No. 1, April 2021 pamalayu expedition in 1275 AD (13th making keris, in a unique way, by painting the century) (Bambang 2004, 33). Keris is an art keris with fire, the results are shaped object with high metallurgical technology that according to the wishes of the keris maker. is complex, full of artistic touches and works Because of its uniqueness, the writer of artistic quality that have high aesthetic interested to examine this particular keris and value. Not everyone can imitate or inherit it write an article entitled Aesthetics of Keris because every era has certain manufacturing painting in Pondok Seni Mayapada techniques accompanied by a mixture of raw Pamekasan. materials, both iron, steel and pamor, which until now are still shrouded in secrets. Unless DISCUSSION there is still a hereditary relationship or Keris Fire Painting in Pondok Seni expertise in making a keris or solving the Mayapada secrets contained therein by experimenting Painting is a branch of fine art. On the with the keris maker. It is not easy to produce basis of the same meaning, painting is a more keris with high artistic quality and high complete development of the image. Painting aesthetic value. Special rituals are needed, is an activity of processing a two-dimensional such as undergoing ascetic practice and medium or the surface of a three-dimensional various kinds of Javanese spiritual practice. object to get a certain impression. The Keris is the original culture of Indonesia, medium of painting can be in any form, such although in the 14th century the ancestors of as canvas, paper, boards, and the body can be the Indonesian people were generally Hindus considered as a medium for painting. The and Buddhists, but no evidence has ever been tools used can also be various, provided that found that the keris culture originated from they can give a certain imagination to the India or other countries. This evidence is media used by the "Human Body". strengthened by several temples on the island According to KBBI (Indonesian of Java. Some of the temples on the island of Dictionary), the notion of art is a work created Java were found with embossed images with extraordinary expertise, such as dance, depicting the existence of a keris-shaped painting, carving. Meanwhile, the meaning of weapon, while in temples in India or other painting is to make pictures using pencils, countries, such a form of weapon never pens, brushes, and so on, whether with color existed (Purwadi et al., 2010, 241). People or not. So the Definition of painting is a work who have a high artistic taste will in the form of images created on the media of undoubtedly admire the keris as a valuable pencils, pens, brushes, and so on, and requires cultural relic (Bayu, 2010, 1). The UNESCO extraordinary expertise. Lukis keris api (Keris world institution (United Nations Educational, Painting in Fire) is an activity to make keris Scientific, and Cultural Organization) and paint the keris using the medium of fire to recognizes keris as one of the cultural create the beauty and the aesthethic value of heritages that must be preserved, to be precise the keris. Keris is a traditional weapon that is on November 25, 2005. Keris in general has often found in the archipelago. Since ancient a flat physical shape, wide and elongated with times keris has had great significance, sharp edges on the right and left, and the tip is especially in the historical development of tapered, so that the keris is included in the Indonesian culture. The keris weapon in the stabbing weapon group (MT.Arifin, 2006, era of Majapahit and Mataram kingdom play 46). Madura is a part of the East Java region a significant role for the existence of the which has the unique characteristics of keris, kingdom. Bambang Hasrinuksmo and S. even though the initial basis for making a Lumintu (1988: 14) argue that keris is one of keris is the same as making a keris in several Indonesia's traditional stabbing weapons. places. Pondok Seni Mayapada is a hermitage Besides being spread throughout Indonesia, in Pamekasan Madura that has the activity of keris culture is also found in Malaysia, 34 Oktaberia Sakti Maharani, The Aesthetic Of Pamor Lukis Keris Pondok Seni Mayapada In Pamekasan Thailand, Philipina, Kamboja dan Brunai keris, then a ceremony need to be performed. Darussalam. So it can be said that keris Keris also functions as a complement to culture can be found in all the territory of the Javanese clothing and at that time keris is also former kingdom of Majapahit. That is why, an attribute of one's rank, as well as of wealth. some cultural experts say that keris is the A keris worn by a high official is usually cultural heritage of the archipelago equipped with decorations made of expensive Keris is classified into ‘tosan aji’. Tosan materials (gold, ivory, silver and gems). Not aji is another name for various equipment everyone can wears ‘keris’. In short, keris at made of iron which is highly respected, such that time was a symbol of status, which as keris, sword, spear, and everything made of distinguished an official from an ordinary metal. As stated by Sumintarsih (1990: 32) person. that "Various weapons including stabbing weapons are commonly referred to as tosan The Aesthetic Pamor of Keris Painting aji (tosan = iron, aji = respect), so ‘tosan aji’ Pondok Seni Mayapada means the respected iron. Meanwhile, other The term aesthetics was first put forward experts stated that tosan aji is a Javanese term by Alexander Blaumgarten in 1750 to show for all traditional weapons made of iron which the study of taste in the field of fine arts. The are considered as heirlooms. This term is science of aesthetics is concerned with often translated in Indonesian as ‘besi aji’ or identifying and understanding factors that ‘senjata pusaka’ (heirloom weapon or contribute to the perception of an object or traditional weapon). The literal meaning of process that is considered beautiful or that tosan aji is precious iron or valuable iron. provides a pleasant experience. There are quite a lot of types of weapons Etymologically, the word relates to classified as tosan aji, including keris, tombak everything that has to do with perception. (spears), pedang (swords), anak panah Aesthetics is closely related to the visual (arrows), kujang, kudi, wedung, rencong assessment of the appearance of an object (Bambang Hasrinuksmo and S. Lumintu, (Simonds, 1983; and Nassar, 1988). 1988: 166). According to Heath (1988), humans In line with the development of the generally like beauty, people who judge their culture and social system, the function of environment to be beautiful will maintain the keris also Developed and changeD. These sustainability of their environment at the changes are reflected for instance keris initiative of each individualOne of the efforts initially as a stabbing weapon, and can be made by humans is the protection of used as a medium for the outpouring of environmental quality.