Kulera Landscape REDD+ Program for Co-Managed Protected Areas, Malawi Project Design Document Climate, Community & Biodiversity Standard July 2014, Version 12-0 Prepared by: Project Proponents: The Department of Parks and Wildlife (DNPW) Nyika Vwaza Association (NVA) Nkhotakota Wildlife Reserve Association (NAWIRA) Terra Global Capital (Terra) Implementing Partner Total LandCare (TLC) Kulera Landscape REDD+ Project for Co-Managed Protected Areas, Malawi - PDD for the CCB Standard Table of Contents 1 GENERAL SECTION .......................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 ORIGINAL CONDITIONS IN THE PROJECT AREAS ......................................................................................................... 3 1.2 BASELINE PROJECTIONS ...................................................................................................................................... 21 1.3 PROJECT DESIGN AND GOALS .............................................................................................................................. 32 1.4 MANAGEMENT CAPACITY AND BEST PRACTICES ...................................................................................................... 56 1.5 LEGAL STATUS AND PROPERTY RIGHTS .................................................................................................................. 61 2 CLIMATE SECTION ...................................................................................................................................... 656 2.1 NET POSITIVE CLIMATE IMPACTS ....................................................................................................................... 656 2.2 OFFSITE CLIMATE IMPACTS (‘LEAKAGE’) .............................................................................................................. 678 2.3 CLIMATE IMPACT MONITORING ........................................................................................................................... 71 3 COMMUNITY SECTION ................................................................................................................................. 72 3.1 NET POSITIVE COMMUNITY IMPACTS .................................................................................................................... 72 3.2 OFFSITE STAKEHOLDER IMPACTS .......................................................................................................................... 73 3.3 COMMUNITY IMPACT MONITORING ..................................................................................................................... 74 4 BIODIVERSITY SECTION ................................................................................................................................ 80 4.1 NET POSITIVE BIODIVERSITY IMPACTS ................................................................................................................... 80 4.2 OFFSITE BIODIVERSITY IMPACTS ........................................................................................................................... 80 4.3 BIODIVERSITY IMPACT MONITORING .................................................................................................................... 81 5 GOLD LEVEL SECTION ................................................................................................................................. 901 5.1 CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION BENEFITS ........................................................................................................... 901 5.2 EXCEPTIONAL COMMUNITY BENEFITS ................................................................................................................... 93 5.3 EXCEPTIONAL BIODIVERSITY BENEFITS ................................................................................................................... 96 REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................................................... 97 GLOSSARY .......................................................................................................................................................... 100 ANNEX I: PERFORMANCE MONITORING PLAN (PMP) ........................................................................................ 101 2 Kulera Landscape REDD+ Project for Co-Managed Protected Areas, Malawi - PDD for the CCB Standard List of Tables TABLE 1. CLIMATOLOGICAL INFORMATION, MZUZU (CENTRAL/NORTHERN MALAWI) ...................................................................... 7 TABLE 2. CLIMATOLOGICAL INFORMATION BY PROJECT AREA ...................................................................................................... 8 TABLE 3. SIZE AND LOCATION OF THE PROJECT AREAS AT PROJECT START DATE .............................................................................. 9 TABLE 4. BASIC STATISTICAL MEASURES OF FIELD MEASUREMENTS IN DIFFERENT LULC CLASSES ....................................................... 11 TABLE 5. KEY WILDLIFE FOUND IN TARGETED PAS .................................................................................................................. 17 TABLE 6. SUMMARY OF DEFORESTATION DRIVERS AND CORRESPONDING AGENTS ........................................................................ 22 TABLE 7. SUMMARY OF GHG EMISSIONS/REMOVALS ............................................................................................................. 29 TABLE 8. PROJECT SCALE AND ESTIMATED GHG EMISSION REDUCTIONS AND REMOVALS .............................................................. 32 TABLE 9. PROJECT ACTIVITIES AND THE TARGETED DEFORESTATION DRIVERS ............................................................................... 34 TABLE 10. PROJECT ACTIVITY AND THE DIRECT AND INDIRECT CLIMATE, COMMUNITY AND BIODIVERSITY BENEFITS............................. 34 TABLE 11. AGRICULTURAL INTENSIFICATION ACTIVITIES ............................................................................................................ 44 TABLE 12. ECOTOURISM AND NTFP ACTIVITIES ...................................................................................................................... 46 TABLE 13. SUMMARY OF NATURAL DISASTERS IN MALAWI FROM 1900 TO 2010 ........................................................................ 50 TABLE 14. COMMUNITY CONSULTATIONS THROUGH MARCH 2013 ........................................................................................... 54 TABLE 15. EX-ANTE EMISSION REDUCTIONS FROM COOKSTOVES ............................................................................................... 66 TABLE 16. ESTIMATE EX-ANTE NERS ................................................................................................................................... 70 TABLE 17. COMMUNITY INDICATORS AND THE IMPACTS THAT ARE MONITORED AS PART OF THE PMP ............................................... 76 TABLE 18. BIODIVERSITY INDICATORS AND THE IMPACTS THAT ARE MONITORED AS PART OF THE PMP .............................................. 82 TABLE 19. WOODY AND HERBACEOUS VEGETATION PARAMETERS FOR INDICATOR 1.1 .................................................................. 83 TABLE 20. WILDLIFE PROJECT LEVEL BASELINE INDICATORS ...................................................................................................... 85 TABLE 21. BASELINE WATER QUANTITY AND SEDIMENT LOADS IN KEY RIVERS ............................................................................. 86 TABLE 22. WILDLIFE PROJECT LEVEL BASELINE INDICATORS ...................................................................................................... 86 TABLE 23. SOIL BULK DENSITY BASELINE INDICATORS .............................................................................................................. 87 TABLE 24. SOIL PERCENTAGE ORGANIC MATTER BASELINE INDICATORS ...................................................................................... 88 TABLE 25. SOIL EROSION BASELINE INDICATORS (2011) .......................................................................................................... 88 TABLE 26. MALAWI’S HDI TRENDS ...................................................................................................................................... 93 List of Figures FIGURE 1. REGIONAL LOCATION OF THE PROJECT AREAS IN MALAWI ............................................................................................ 3 FIGURE 2. THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE PROJECT AREAS AND PROJECT ZONES. ....................................................................... 4 FIGURE 3. LANDSAT 8 IMAGERY FROM 2013 DRAPED OVER SRTM ELEVATION DATA. ...................................................................... 4 FIGURE 4. LANDSAT 8 IMAGERY FROM 2013 DRAPED OVER SRTM ELEVATION DATA. ...................................................................... 5 FIGURE 5. LANDSAT 8 IMAGERY FROM 2013 DRAPED OVER SRTM ELEVATION DATA. ...................................................................... 6 FIGURE 6. ANNUAL PRECIPITATION BASED ON INTERPOLATED CLIMATE STATION DATASET ................................................................. 7 FIGURE 7. OVERVIEW OF THE EXTENT AND LOCATION OF THE LEAKAGE BELT, REFERENCE REGION, AND PROJECT AREAS ...................... 10 FIGURE 8. MORTALITY OF KEY ANIMAL SPECIES IN NYIKA NATIONAL PARK MOSTLY FROM POACHING ..............................................