Andrews University Digital Commons @ Andrews University Master's Theses Graduate Research 1982 A Study of Deuteronomic and Priestly Legislation With Particular Reference to Clean and Unclean Foods Vivienne J. Fletcher-Watts Andrews University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/theses Recommended Citation Fletcher-Watts, Vivienne J., "A Study of Deuteronomic and Priestly Legislation With Particular Reference to Clean and Unclean Foods" (1982). Master's Theses. 8. https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/theses/8 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Research at Digital Commons @ Andrews University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Andrews University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation o f techniques is provided to help clarify markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or “target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “ Missing Page(s)” . If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark, it is an indication of either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, duplicate copy, or copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed. For blurred pages, a good image o f the page can be found in the adjacent frame, if copyrighted materials were deleted, a target note will appear listing the pages in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photographed, a definite method of “sectioning” the material has been followed. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand comer of a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again—beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. For illustrations that cannot be satisfactorily reproduced by xerographic means, photographic prints can be purchased at additional cost and inserted into your xerographic copy. These prints are available upon request from the Dissertations Customer Services Department. 5. Some pages in any document may have indistinct print. In all cases the best available copy has been filmed. University M icrofilm s International 300 N. Zeeb Road Ann Arbor. Ml 48106 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 1320840 FLETCHER-WATTS, VIVIENNE JOY A STUDY OF DEUTERONOMIC AND PRIESTLY LEGISLATION WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO CLEAN AND UNCLEAN FOODS ANDREWS UNIVERSITY M.A 1982 University Microfilms International 300 N. Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. M I 48106 Copyright 1982 by FLETCHER-WATTS, VIVIENNE JOY All Rights Reserved Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a check mark -J . 1. Glossy photographs or pages______ 2. Colored illustrations, paper or print ______ 3. Photographs with dark background______ 4. Illustrations are poor copy_______ 5. Pages with black marks, not original ropy_______ 6. Print shows through as there is text on both sides of page ______ 7. Indistinct, broken or small print on several pages 8. Print exceeds margin requirements ______ 9. Tightly bound copy with print lost in spine_______ 10. Computer printout pages with indistinct print______ 11. Page(s)____________ lacking when material received, and not available from school or author. 12. Page(s)____________ seem to be missing in numbering only as text follows. 13. Two pages numbered _____________. Text follows. 14. Curling and wrinkled pages ______ 15. Other ________________________________________________________ __________________ University Microfilms International Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Andrews University School of Graduate Studies A STUDY OF DEUTERONOMIC AND PRIESTLY LEGISLATION WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO CLEAN AND UNCLEAN FOODS A Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillm ent of the Requirements fo r the Degree Master of Arts by Vivienne J. Fletcher-Watts June 1982 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. A STUDY OF DEUTERONOMIC AND PRIESTLY LEGISLATION WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO CLEAN AND UNCLEAN FOODS A thesis presented in partial fu lfillm e n t of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts by Vivienne J. Fletcher-Watts APPROVAL BY THE COMMITTEE: Lawrence T.‘ Geraty, Ph.D. 7 <5 ~ / j 2.// Robert M. Johhston, Ph.D. Date dpproved Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT A STUDY OF DEUTERONOMIC AND PRIESTLY LEGISLATION WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO CLEAN AND UNCLEAN FOODS by Vivienne J. Fletcher-Watts Chairman: A. Josef Greig Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT OF GRADUATE STUDENT RESEARCH Thesis Andrews University Department of Religion T itle : A STUDY OF DEUTERONOMIC AND PRIESTLY LEGISLATION WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO CLEAN AND UNCLEAN FOODS Name of researcher: Vivienne J. Fletcher-Watts Name and degree of faculty adviser: A. Josef Greig, Ph.D. Date completed: June 1982 Problem The laws of clean and unclean foods in Lev 11 and Deut 14: 3:21 have fascinated and perplexed generations of biblical scholars. A great variety of suggestions have been proposed as reasons for the distinction between the clean and unclean animals. Modern biblical scholars claim, however, that the Levitical and Deuteronomic codes are internally inconsistent. These claims are of sufficient magni­ tude that i f true might c a ll into question the assumption that both were given by God at one time. Therefore, it is the purpose of this study to re-examine the Old Testament sources and from the ap p li­ cation of a c ritic a l hermeneutic to the text discover the possible 1 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 2 reasons for the existence o f, and the differences in , the codes in the cultures in which they were given and used. Method The classical hermeneutical approach was employed whereby a hypothesis was formulated regarding the date, authorship, intention, and function of the codes. The unit was then observed as a whole and the internal order and structure noted. Also, the fluid state of the text was considered. That is, it was recognized that the work of editing, compiling, and updating was ongoing. Conclusion Although the two codes probably derived from a common ancient source during the monarchical period, independent crystallizatio n s occurred during the division of Israel and Judah. The individual historical and ideological contexts precipitated metamorphoses in the codes which resulted in the differences. After 721 B.C. some compromise measures were attempted in an e ffo rt to re-amalgamate the two traditions. The Deuteronomic and P riestly codes functioned uniquely in th e ir respective environments as did the food laws in succeeding communities which observed the animal classifications. Although the ordinances themselves remained re la tiv e ly unchanged, each com­ munity attributed a different rationale to the clean/unclean distinction. Five rationales have been proposed. Each were o rig in a lly emphasized by a d iffe re n t community in accordance with its pre­ suppositions, needs, and resources. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Mum and Dad--who loved me i i i Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES........................................................................................ vi PREFACE........................................................................................................... v ii Chapter I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................... 1 Purpose of the Study ............................................................ 2 Statement of the Problem .................................................... 3 Importance of the S tud y ........................................................ 3 Delimitations of the Study ................................................ 4 Basic Assumptions.................................................................... 4 Review of Related Literature ...........................................