Targeting and Prioritisation for INS in the RINSE Project Area JUNE 2013 Targeting and Prioritisation for INS in the RINSE Project Area B. Gallardo, A. Zieritz and D.C. Aldridge June, 2013 CAMBRIDGE ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTING B. Gallardo, A. Zieritz and D. C. Aldridge (2013) Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................ 8 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 11 1.1 Study approach and objectives ................................................................................................... 13 2. METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................................ 15 2.1 Area of study ............................................................................................................................... 15 2.2 NNS species registry .................................................................................................................... 16 2.2.1 General registry .................................................................................................................... 16 2.2.2 Focus lists ............................................................................................................................. 22 2.2.3 Data analysis ........................................................................................................................ 22 2.3 Horizon scanning of INS .............................................................................................................. 23 2.3.1 Prioritisation of the Alert List ............................................................................................... 28 2.3.2 Prioritisation of the Black List .............................................................................................. 29 2.4 INS distribution modelling .......................................................................................................... 29 2.4.1 Species occurrence gathering .............................................................................................. 31 2.4.2 Continental layers ................................................................................................................ 32 2.4.3 Marine layers ....................................................................................................................... 35 2.4.4 Modelling approach ............................................................................................................. 37 3. RESULTS ............................................................................................................................................. 39 3.1 NNS species registry .................................................................................................................... 39 3.1.1 General registry .................................................................................................................... 39 3.1.2 Focus lists ............................................................................................................................. 41 3.2 The INS Horizon scanning lists .................................................................................................... 46 3.2.1 The Alert List of INS .............................................................................................................. 46 3.2.2 The Black List of INS ............................................................................................................. 54 3.3 The INS distribution modelling ................................................................................................... 57 3.3.1 Modelling the potential distribution of Alert INS ................................................................ 57 3.3.1 Modelling the potential distribution of Black List species ................................................... 65 4. DISCUSSION ....................................................................................................................................... 71 4.1 Non-Native Species registry ........................................................................................................ 71 4.1.1 Distribution of species across countries .............................................................................. 71 4.1.2 Distribution of species across phyla and environments ...................................................... 73 4.1.3 Focus lists ............................................................................................................................. 74 3 B. Gallardo, A. Zieritz and D. C. Aldridge (2013) 4.1.4 Further comments on the quality of available databases ................................................... 74 4.2 Horizon Scanning of Invasive Non-native species ....................................................................... 75 4.2.1 The Alert List of INS .............................................................................................................. 75 4.2.2 The Black List of INS ............................................................................................................. 77 4.2.3 Horizon scanning limitations ................................................................................................ 79 4.3 Distribution Modelling ................................................................................................................ 79 4.3.1 Unravelling the environmental and socio-economic drivers of biological invasions .......... 79 4.3.2 Identifying the most worrisome current and future invaders of RINSE .............................. 82 4.3.3 Delimiting RINSE areas most vulnerable to multiple invasions ........................................... 84 4.3.4 Model considerations .......................................................................................................... 85 5. CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................................................... 87 6. REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................................... 89 7. ANNEXES ........................................................................................................................................... 96 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................................................... 97 List of Tables and Figures Table 1. Internet and literature sources used to compile the Registry and Focus lists of NNS in the RINSE countries and area.. .................................................................................................................... 17 Table 2. Classification and abbreviations of types of status and distribution of non-native species in the NNS registry and focus lists. ........................................................................................................... 20 Table 3. The main 14 web- and print-based sources per taxa used for compiling the Registry of non- native species in the RINSE countries ................................................................................................... 21 Table 4. List of providers of the worst INS consulted, and criteria used for species selection ............ 25 Table 5. Guidelines provided to experts to score INS in the Alert List (comprising worst species not yet present in the RINSE countries). ..................................................................................................... 28 Table 6. Species modelled from the Alert and Black Lists of INS. Total= 72 species (42 from the Alert List and 30 from the Black List of INS). ................................................................................................. 31 Table 7. Alert List of INS not yet present in the four RINSE countries with notes on their taxonomic classification, English name, origin and risk evaluation ........................................................................ 49 Table 8. Summary of characteristics of the top 12 Alert INS................................................................ 52 Table 9. Summary of characteristics of the top 12 Black list INS. ........................................................ 55 Figure 1. Approach to the targeting and prioritisation of Invasive Non-native Species (INS) into the RINSE region. ......................................................................................................................................... 13 4 B. Gallardo, A. Zieritz and D. C. Aldridge (2013) Figure 2. RINSE countries considered in this study included Great Britain, France, Belgium and The Netherlands. ......................................................................................................................................... 15 Figure 3. The RINSE study area around the British Channel and southern part of the North Sea. ...... 16 Figure 4. Snapshot of the web-based survey designed to prioritise species in the Black List. Experts in invasive species were asked to select up to 10 species they consider ‘the worst’ in terms of their ecosystem impacts. ............................................................................................................................... 29 Figure 5. Species Distribution Models