Water Is Life http://www.developmentbookshelf.com/doi/pdf/10.3362/9781780448893.000 - Monday, November 21, 2016 3:25:03 AM IP Address:149.157.61.163 WATER IS LIFE_PRELIMS.indd 1 9/18/2015 6:51:36 PM Praise for this book ‘A very rich and powerful book with great insights on sustainable rural water systems.’ Rebecca Amukhoye, Country Director, Self Help Africa, Kenya ‘A book which brings together the findings of eight detailed PhD studies, all focused on aspects of water and sanitation in one small geographical area of Uganda would be expected to provide some valuable insights, and this book does not disappoint. The geographic focus of the studies is restricted, but it is in some sense representative of the experiences of rural life in many parts of Africa; it also allowed a greater depth of investigation than would have been offered by a similar number of studies scattered across multiple locations. I highly commend this publication to all who are interested in the realities of the rural poor in Africa, and the contributions of in-depth research to the water and sanitation issues which such households and communities face daily.’ Richard Carter, Chair, Rural Water Supply Network, and Visiting Professor, Cranfield University, UK http://www.developmentbookshelf.com/doi/pdf/10.3362/9781780448893.000 - Monday, November 21, 2016 3:25:03 AM IP Address:149.157.61.163 WATER IS LIFE_PRELIMS.indd 2 9/25/2015 5:45:48 PM Water Is Life Progress to secure safe water provision in rural Uganda Edited by G. Honor Fagan, Suzanne Linnane, Kevin G. McGuigan and Albert I. Rugumayo http://www.developmentbookshelf.com/doi/pdf/10.3362/9781780448893.000 - Monday, November 21, 2016 3:25:03 AM IP Address:149.157.61.163 WATER IS LIFE_PRELIMS.indd 3 9/25/2015 5:45:48 PM Practical Action Publishing Ltd The Schumacher Centre, Bourton on Dunsmore, Rugby, Warwickshire, CV23 9QZ, UK www.practicalactionpublishing.org © G. Honor Fagan, Suzanne Linnane, Kevin G. McGuigan and Albert I. Rugumayo and the individual contributors, 2015 The right of the editors to be identified as authors of the editorial material and of the contributors for their individual chapters have been asserted under sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988. The open access digital ebook (pdf) is created under a Creative Commons Attribution Non- commercial No-derivatives CC BY-NC-ND license. This allows the reader to copy and redistribute the material; but appropriate credit must be given, the material must not be used for commercial purposes, and if the material is transformed or built upon the modified material may not be distributed. For further information see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalogue record for this book has been requested from the Library of Congress. ISBN 9781853398896 Hardback ISBN 9781853398902 Paperback ISBN 9781780448893 Library Ebook ISBN 9781780448909 Ebook Citation: Fagan, G. Honor., Linnane, Suzanne., McGuigan, Kevin, G., and Rugumayo, Albert, I., (2015) Water is Life, Progress to secure safe water provision in rural Uganda Rugby, UK: Practical Action Publishing, <http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780448893> Since 1974, Practical Action Publishing has published and disseminated books and information in support of international development work throughout the world. Practical Action Publishing is a trading name of Practical Action Publishing Ltd (Company Reg. No. 1159018), the wholly owned publishing company of Practical Action. Practical Action Publishing trades only in support of its parent charity objectives and any profits are covenanted back to Practical Action (Charity Reg. No. 247257, Group VAT Registration No. 880 9924 76). The views and opinions in this publication are those of the author and do not represent those of Practical Action Publishing Ltd or its parent charity Practical Action. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the authors and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use. Cover photo credit: Lar Boland Cover design by Andrew Corbett Indexed by Elizabeth Ball Typeset by Allzone Digital Services Limited Printed by Hobbs the Printers Ltd., UK http://www.developmentbookshelf.com/doi/pdf/10.3362/9781780448893.000 - Monday, November 21, 2016 3:25:03 AM IP Address:149.157.61.163 WATER IS LIFE_PRELIMS.indd 4 9/29/2015 9:04:16 PM Contents List of figures and tables vii Abbreviations and acronyms ix 1 Water is Life: Community-based research for sustainable safe water in rural Uganda 1 G. Honor Fagan, Suzanne Linnane, Kevin G. McGuigan, and Albert I. Rugumayo 2 Women’s access to safe water and participation in community management of supply 15 Richard Bagonza Asaba, G. Honor Fagan, and Consolata Kabonesa 3 Lived experiences of women as principal gatekeepers of water management in rural Uganda 31 Joyce Mpalanyi Magala, Consolata Kabonesa, and Anthony Staines 4 Leveraging community capacity to manage improved point-water facilities 43 Firminus Mugumya, Ronaldo Munck, and Narathius Asingwire 5 Towards understanding challenges to water access in Uganda 59 Godfrey B. Asiimwe and Resty Naiga 6 Water resources in Uganda 73 Albert I. Rugumayo, Eleanor Jennings, Suzanne Linnane, and Bruce Misstear 7 A school-based approach to community promotion of solar water disinfection 97 Jacent Kamuntu Asiimwe, Charles K. Muyanja, Bríd Quilty, and Kevin G. McGuigan 8 Solar water disinfection (SODIS) as a suitable treatment technology for harvested rainwater in rural Uganda 109 http://www.developmentbookshelf.com/doi/pdf/10.3362/9781780448893.000 - Monday, November 21, 2016 3:25:03 AM IP Address:149.157.61.163 Rosemary Nalwanga, Charles Muyanja, Kevin G. McGuigan, and Bríd Quilty http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780448893.000 WATER IS LIFE_PRELIMS.indd 5 9/18/2015 6:51:36 PM vi WATER IS LIFE 9 Improving reliability and functional sustainability of groundwater handpumps by coating the rubber piston seals with diamond-like carbon 125 Michael Lubwama, Brian Corcoran, John Baptist Kirabira, Adam Sebbit, and Kimmitt Sayers 10 How a participatory geographic information system provides voice to demand services from government: A village case study 139 Mavuto D. Tembo, Alistair Fraser, and Hannington Sengendo 11 Water Is Life: Reflections on effective research capacity building 151 Suzanne Linnane, Arleen Folan, and Edel Healy http://www.developmentbookshelf.com/doi/pdf/10.3362/9781780448893.000 - Monday, November 21, 2016 3:25:03 AM IP Address:149.157.61.163 WATER IS LIFE_PRELIMS.indd 6 9/18/2015 6:51:36 PM List of figures and tables Figures 3.1 Roles in water management at household level 34 4.1 Operational relationship between effective CBWMS and functional sustainability of rural point-water facilities (Source: Mugumya, 2013) 44 6.1 Map of Uganda showing the main physical features 75 6.2 Conceptual model of the weathered-fractured basement aquifer system in Uganda 78 6.3 Transmissivity for Mpigi and Wakiso Districts (Source: Kigobe and Kakimpa, 2007) 80 6.4 Outcrop of gneiss, Lwengo District (Source: Bruce Misstear) 83 6.5 An example of an unimproved water source (top) and a protected spring (bottom) water source in the Lwengo District (Source: Bruce Misstear) 85 6.6 A hand-dug well with horizontal wooden poles designed to prevent excessive movement of the handle of the handpump (Source: Bruce Misstear) 86 7.1 Graphical representation of the solar disinfection technique 99 8.1 A selection of HRW systems from the study area. Clockwise from top left panel: a 3,000 l galvanized metal tank; a subterranean ferroconcrete cistern (capacity unknown); a home-constructed catchment tank (capacity unknown); a 5,000 l ferroconcrete tank. 111 8.2 A participant in the study uses solar disinfection to treat HRW collected from her 5,000 l metal tank 113 8.3 A project researcher and householder examine bottles of HRW being treated by solar disinfection. The bottles are exposed on top of a ferroconcrete HRW tank 116 9.1 Problems faced by handpump users 131 9.2 Wear mechanisms of a worn piston seal 132 9.3 Coated piston seal base comparisons for wet sliding with solid particles. 133 10.1 Spatial distribution and types of rainwater harevesting practices in village 143 http://www.developmentbookshelf.com/doi/pdf/10.3362/9781780448893.000 - Monday, November 21, 2016 3:25:03 AM IP Address:149.157.61.163 10.2 An example of a map used in the workshop 146 WATER IS LIFE_PRELIMS.indd 7 9/18/2015 6:51:36 PM viii WATER IS LIFE Tables 6.1 Major lakes and rivers in Uganda 74 6.2 Average annual water balances for Lake Victoria for the period 1953 to 1978 77 6.3 Borehole data from Masaka District 87 7.1 Summary of SODIS promotion via schoolchildren study design 101 7.2 Efficacy of SODIS: Mean bacterial contamination (CFU/100 ml) of samples from the various water sources 103 8.1 Rainfall data for the study area, April to July 2011 115 8.2 Physico-chemical parameters of HRW for April and May 2011 116 8.3 Microbial parameters of the HRW during April and May 2011 117 8.4 Physico-chemical parameters of the HRW and water from other sources during June and July 2011 118 8.5 Microbial parameters of HRW and water from other sources before and after SODIS treatment by local households and at Makerere University during June 2011 (dry month)