A Checklist of the North and Middle American Crayfishes (Decapoda: Astacidae and Cambaridae) HORTON H. HOBBS, JR. m SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 166 SERIAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION The emphasis upon publications as a means of diffusing knowledge was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. In his formal plan for the Insti- tution, Joseph Henry articulated a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This keynote of basic research has been adhered to over the years in the issuance of thousands of titles in serial publications under the Smithsonian imprint, com- mencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Annals of Flight Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes original articles and monographs dealing with the research and collections of its several museums and offices and of professional colleagues at other institutions of learning. These papers report newly acquired facts, synoptic interpretations of data, or original theory in specialized fields. These pub- lications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, laboratories, and other interested institutions and specialists throughout the world. Individual copies may be obtained from the Smithsonian Institution Press as long as stocks are available. S. DILLON RIPLEY Secretary Smithsonian Institution SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 166 A Checklist of the North and Middle American Crayfishes (Decapoda: Astacidae and Cambaridae) Horton H. Hobbs, Jr. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS City of Washington 1974 ABSTRACT Hobbs, Horton H., Jr. A Checklist of the North and Middle American Cray- fishes (Decapoda: Astacidae and Cambaridae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 166, 161 pages, 294 figures, 1974.—Included in this alpha- betical list are all of the North and Middle American crayfishes, including two fossil species, that were described prior to 1 January 1973. Within the treatment of each specific or subspecific taxon is a synonymy in which are cited alterations in generic and subgeneric assignments, erroneous spellings, and synonyms. References also are given to recent descriptions, discussions, and keys. The com- position and locations of type-series are cited, as are the type-locality, range, and habitat of each species and subspecies. Nomina nuda that have been neither validated nor synonymized with other crayfish taxa, together with one name suppressed by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, are listed separately. Illustrations, which are arranged in related species groups, are provided for each of the 294 recognized extant species and subspecies. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SI PRESS NUMBER 4984. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus). Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data. Hobbs, Horton Holcombe, Jr., 1914— A checklist of the North and Middle American crayfishes (Decapoda: Astacidae and Cambaridae). (Smithsonian contributions to zoology no. 166) 1. Astacidae. 2. Cambaridae. 3. Crustacea—North America. 4. Crustacea—Central America. I. Title. II. Series: Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian contributions to zoology, no. 166. QL1.S54 no. 166 [QL444.M33] 591'.08s [595'.3841] 73-16027 For tale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 • Price $2.50 (paper cover) Contents Page Introduction 1 Nomina Nuda neither Validated nor Synonymized with Other Crayfish Taxa 4 Suppressed Name 4 Species Inquirenda 4 The Checklist 5 Family Astacidae Latreille, 1802-1803 5 Family Cambaridae Hobbs, 1942 7 Subfamily Cambarellinae Laguarda, 1961 7 Subfamily Cambarinae Hobbs, 1942 9 Literature Cited 68 Explanation of Illustrations 80 Index 154 iii A Checklist of the North and Middle American Crayfishes (Decapoda: Astacidae and Cambaridae) Horton H. Hobbs, Jr. Introduction together with one name that has been suppressed by the International Commission on Zoological Preparation of this checklist of the crayfishes Nomenclature. Included in the treatment of each of North and Middle America began late in the specific or subspecific taxon is a synonymy in 1940's but its presentation for publication has been which are cited alterations in generic and sub- repeatedly postponed because of the almost con- generic assignments, erroneous spellings, and syno- tinuous appearance of descriptions of new taxa. nyms; in only rare instances are references to The most recent checklist appeared more than half misidentifications listed. References also are given a century ago (Faxon, 1914); since then the num- to recent descriptions, discussions, and keys. The ber of described species and subspecies has nearly composition and locations of the type-series are tripled. As a result of this and because most de- cited and, where possible, the sexes of the syntypes scriptions subsequent to Faxon's checklist have and primary-types are indicated. In instances in been published in short papers scattered among which the type designations included a holotypic many journals, a revised compilation is needed. male, form I, and a "paratypic male, form II" This list is being published despite the fact that (the latter clearly separated from the remainder there remain many undescribed species; indeed, of the paratypic-series), the paratypic male has descriptions of at least a dozen species are now been referred to here as "morphotype," the name in preparation or in press. enclosed in quotation marks. In citing the types of To the best of my knowledge, all of the North those taxa for which a morphotype was designated and Middle American crayfishes (including two by the describer, the quotation marks are omitted. fossil species) that were described prior to 1 Janu- The type-locality, range, and habitats are given ary 1973 are accounted for in this summary (most for each taxon. The designations "primary, sec- also are incorporated in a recent key to the crayfish ondary, and tertiary burrowers" follow Hobbs fauna of the same area, Hobbs, 1972b). While those (1942b:20): primary burrowers are those largely few species that have been described since that date restricted to burrows; secondary burrowers are are not treated, combinations involving older those that generally occupy burrows but often names have been updated to June 1973. wander into open water during times when the Preceding the alphabetical list of species is a mouths of the burrows are flooded; and tertiary list of nomina nuda that have not been validated, burrowers are those that burrow "only in periods of drought or occasionally, but not necessarily, Horton H. Hobbs, Jr., Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, during the breeding season." Washington, D.C. 20560. Insofar as possible the illustrations, which are 1 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY arranged in related species groups, are based upon ZIAS: Zoological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Leningrad, types of the species; and in the comparatively few U.S.S.R. instances in which types were not available, In addition, type-specimens of a few species are specimens were chosen from, or as close to, the in the collections of the following: Troy C. Dorris, type-locality as possible (see Explanation of Illus- Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma; trations). Max R. Matteson, University of Illinois, Urbana, LOCATIONS OF TYPES.—The following abbrevia- Illinois; Leslie Hubricht, Meridian, Mississippi; tions are used for museums or collections in which Hugo L. James, University of Bridgeport, Bridge- specimens of one or more type-series have been port, Connecticut; Rollin D. Reimer, Texas A & deposited: M, College Station, Texas; Joe B. Black, McNeese Alabama Mus. Nat. Hist.: Alabama Museum of Natural State University, Lake Charles, Louisiana; Joseph History, Tuscaloosa, Alabama. F. Fitzpatrick, Jr., Randolph-Macon Woman's AMNH: American Museum of Natural History, New York, College, Lynchburg, Virginia; Jerry G. Walls, New York. Hightstown, New Jersey; Raymond W. Bouchard, AMS: Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia. University of Tennessee, Knoxville; Rudolph Prins, ANSP: Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Penn- Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green; H. sylvania. BMNH: British Museum, Natural History, London, England. H. Hobbs III, Christopher Newport College, New- BSNH: Boston Society of Natural History, Boston, Massa- port News, Virginia; and Coe College, Cedar chusetts. Rapids, Iowa. Chas. M.: Charleston Museum, South Carolina. Three large and important crayfish collections— CM: Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. those of the University of Michigan Museum of GM: Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Geneva, Switzerland. IBM: Instituto de Biologia de la Universidad Nacional Zoology, the University of Kansas Museum of Autdnoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico. Natural History, and the personal collection