Acronyms & Glossary Light Restoration Project Appendix E: Acronyms & Glossary Acronyms AMP ‐ Allotment Management Plan AUM ‐ Animal Unit Month BMP ‐ Best Management Practices CCF ‐ Hundred Cubic Feet (approximately 500 board feet) CFR ‐ Code of Federal Regulations DBH ‐ Diameter at Breast Height DMT ‐ Dwarf Mistletoe Infection DNR ‐ Washington State Department of Natural Resources DSD ‐ Detrimental Soil Disturbance EA ‐ Environmental Assessment EMDS ‐ Ecosystem Management Decision Support ESA ‐ Endangered Species Act ESR 11 ‐ Ecological Subregion characterized as Dry:Warm:Moist ESR 53 ‐ Ecological Subregion characterized as Moist:Cold:Cold FEIS ‐ Final Environmental Impact Statement FRV ‐ Future Range of Variability FS ‐ Forest Service FSM ‐ Forest Service Manual FVS ‐ Forest Vegetation Simulator GIS ‐ Geographic Information System HRV ‐ Historic Range of Variability HUC ‐ United States Geological Survey hydrologic unit code IDT ‐ Interdisciplinary Team ILBT ‐ Interagency Lynx Biology Team IRA ‐ Inventoried Roadless Area LAU ‐ Lynx Analysis Unit LOS ‐ Late and Old Successional LOSM ‐ Late and Old Successional Multistoried LRMP ‐ Land Resource Management Plan LS ‐ Late Successional LSOF ‐ Late Successional Old Forest MA ‐ Management Area MIS ‐ Management Indicator Species MOU ‐ Memorandum of Understanding NEPA ‐ National Environmental Policy Act NFMA ‐ National Forest Management Act NFS ‐ National Forest System Acronyms & Glossary 1 Acronyms & Glossary Light Restoration Project NG ‐ Northern Goshawk OG ‐ Old Growth PACFISH ‐ Interim Strategies for Managing Anadromous Fish‐producing Watersheds in Eastern Oregon, Washington, Idaho and Portions of California PD ‐ Patch Density PL ‐ Percent Landscape RHCA ‐ Riparian Habitat Conservation Area S&G ‐ Standard and Guideline SI ‐ Stand Initiation T&E ‐ Threatened and Endangered USDA ‐ United States Department of Agriculture USDI ‐ United States Department of Interior USFS ‐ United States Forest Service VQO ‐ Visual Quality Objectives WDFW ‐ Washington Department of Fish and Wildife WUI ‐ Wildland Urban Interface Glossary Airshed An airshed is a part of the atmosphere that behaves in a coherent way with respect to the dispersion of emissions. It typically forms an analytical or management unit. Also: A geographic boundary for air quality standards. Affected Environment The area that would be affected or created by the alternatives under consideration. Best Management Practice (BMP) Management actions that are designed to maintain the integrity of a natural resource by preventative rather than corrective means. Biological Evaluation (BE) Information prepared by or under the direction of the Forest Service concerning listed and Regional Forester’s Sensitive Species that may be in the action area and the evaluation of potential effects of the action on such species and habitat. Biophysical Environment The aggregation and integration of biological and physical conditions and processes within ecosystems described in terms of moisture and temperature regimes and often represent groupings of plant associations. Acronyms & Glossary 2 Acronyms & Glossary Light Restoration Project Biomass The total woody material in a forest. However, in the context of this analysis biomass is usually referring to un-merchantable, burnable material, both standing and on the ground. Broom A cluster of branches, radiating from a single point that results from damage in a tree from agents such as mistletoe. Brush A collective term that refers to stands of vegetation dominated by shrubby, woody plants or low- growing trees, usually of a type undesirable for livestock or timber management. Canopy A layer of foliage in a forest stand. Most often refers to the uppermost layer of foliage, but can be used to describe lower layers within a multistoried stand. CFR Code of Federal Regulations – A codification of the general and permanent rules published in the Federal Register by the executive departments and agencies of the federal government. Closure Legal restriction on -- but not necessarily elimination of -- specified activities such as smoking, camping, or entry that might cause fires in a given area. Commercial Thin A silviculture treatment that "thins" out an overstocked stand by removing trees that are large enough to be sold as saw timber. It is carried out to improve the health and growth rate of the remaining crop trees. Composition The abundance, or relative abundance of components, such as water, nutrients, and species, that makes up the ecosystem. Connectivity 1). The arrangement of habitats that allows organisms and ecological processes to move across the landscape. 2). Patches of similar habitats that are either close together or linked by corridors of appropriate vegetation. The opposite of fragmentation. Acronyms & Glossary 3 Acronyms & Glossary Light Restoration Project Control a Fire The complete extinguishment of a fire, including spot fires. Fireline has been strengthened so that flare-ups from within the perimeter of the fire would not break through the line. Control Line All built or natural fire barriers and treated fire edge used to control a fire. Corridor A defined tract of land, usually linear, through which species must travel to reach habitat suitable for reproduction and other life-sustaining needs. Critical Habitat Specific areas within the geographical area occupied by a species on which are found those physical or biological features essential to conservation of the species. Crown The bole, branches, limbs and foliage of a tree between the lowest limb with foliage, live or dead, and the top of the tree. Crown Fire The movement of fire through the crowns or tops of trees or shrubs more or less independently of the surface fire. A fire is said to be crowning when the flames get up into the tops of trees and spreads. Cumulative Effect (cumulative impact) Effect on the environment that results from the incremental impact of the action when added to other past, present, and reasonably foreseeable future actions regardless of what agency (federal or non-federal) or person undertakes such other actions. Cumulative effects can result from individually minor but collectively significant actions taking place over a period of time. DBH or dbh Diameter Breast Height; 4.5 feet above ground level. Decommission of Roads Involves the stabilization and restoration of roads to a more natural state. Activities used to decommission a road include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following: reestablishing former drainage patterns, stabilizing slopes, restoring vegetation, blocking the entrance to the road, installing water bars, removing culverts, reestablishing drainage-ways, removing unstable fills, pulling back road shoulders, scattering slash on the roadbed, completely eliminating the roadbed by restoring natural contours and slopes, or other methods designed to meet the specific conditions associated with the unneeded road. Acronyms & Glossary 4 Acronyms & Glossary Light Restoration Project Defoliation The loss of foliage by a tree, usually as a result of feeding insect larvae. Desired Future Condition (DFC) Land or resource conditions that are expected to result if goals and objectives are fully achieved. Dispersal The movement, usually one way and on any time scale, of plants or animals from their point of origin to another location where the subsequently produce offspring. Dispersed Recreation Recreation that takes place in primitive settings where few, if any, constructed facilities are provided. Trail use, rock climbing, boating, hunting and fishing are examples of dispersed recreation. Contrast with developed recreation. Disturbance A significant change in structure and/or composition caused by natural events such as fire, wind, flood, and human caused events. Diversity The variety and relative extent of ecosystem types, including their composition, structure, and process within all or a part of an area. Duff The layer of decomposing organic materials lying below the litter layer of freshly fallen twigs, needles, and leaves and immediately above the mineral soil. Dwarf Mistletoe Parasitic plants that parasitize conifers, often redirecting tree nutrients and growth to parasitized portions of the tree. Ecosystem An arrangement of biotic and abiotic components and forces that move among them. Environmental Analysis 1). An analysis of actions and their predictable long and short-term environmental effects. Environmental analyses include consideration of physical, biological, social, and economic factors. 2). A general term that could refer to an environmental assessment or an environmental impact statement. Acronyms & Glossary 5 Acronyms & Glossary Light Restoration Project Environmental Assessment (EA) EAs were authorized by the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969. They are analytical documents prepared with public participation to determine whether an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) is needed for a project or action. If an EA determines an EIS is not needed, the EA becomes the document allowing agency compliance with NEPA requirements. Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) EISs were authorized by the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969. Prepared with public participation, they assist decision-makers by providing information, analysis, and an array of action alternatives, allowing managers to see the probable effects of management decisions on the environment. Generally, an EIS is written for a large-scale action or geographical area. Erosion The wearing