Krasnodar GRES Project Public Disclosure Authorized Volume III Environmental Assessment March 1996 Prepared by: Burns and Roe Environmental Services, Inc. Kuban State Agricultural University Public Disclosure Authorized Russian Oil Initiatives, Ltd. Submitted by: Burns and Roe Enterprises, Inc. Project Manager Submitted to: Krasnodar Project Ownership Group RAO EES Rossii AO Kubanenergo Public Disclosure Authorized RAO Gasprom AO Energo Machine Building Corp. Unified Electric Energy Complex Corp. Amoco Eurasia Petroleum Company U.S. Agency for International Development The World Bank Contract No.: CCN-0002-Q-00-3154-00 Public Disclosure Authorized Energy Efficiency and Market Reform Project Delivery Order No. 1, Krasnodar * Krasnodar GRES Project Volume III Environmental Assessment March 1996 Prepared by: Burns and Roe Environmental Services, Inc. Kuban State Agricultural University Russian Oil Initiatives, Ltd. Submitted by: Burns and Roe Enterprises, Inc. * Project Manager Submitted to: Krasnodar Project Ownership Group RAO EES Rossii AO Kubanenergo RAO Gasprom AO Energo Machine Building Corp. Unified Electric Energy Complex Corp. Amoco Eurasia Petroleum Company U.S. Agency for International Development The World Bank Contract No.-: CCN-0002-Q-00-3154-00 Energy Efficiency and Market Reform Project x0 Delivery Order No. 1, Krasnodar TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................. 1-1 1.1 Introduction ........................... 1-1 1.2 Project Description .......................... 1-1 1.2.1 Site Description ......................... 1-2 1.2.2 Infrastructure .......................... 1-2 1.3 Potential Environmental Impacts ......................... 1-3 1.4 Environmental Management Plan ........ ................. 1-4 1.4.1 Water Management. 1-5 1.4.2 Emissions Monitoring .1-5 1.4.3 Training. 1-5 1.4.4 Emergency Response .1-5 1.4.5 Mitigation Measures. 1-5 1.4.6 Monitoring RequiremeMonitoringRequirements.......... 1-7 1.5 Consideration of Alternatives .............................. 1-10 1.6 Consultation with Affected People .............................. 1-12 1.7 Institutional Requirements ............. ................. 1-13 1.8 Gas Pipeline .............. 1-15 1.9 Summary ............. ................. 1-16 2.0 POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ..................... 2-1 2.1 Russian Federation EIA Requirements .2-1 2.1.1 EIA Preparation, Review, and Approval Process ........... 2-3 2.2 Current National, Sectoral and Local Laws and Regulations ....... 2-4 2.2.1 Atmospheric Emissions ......................... 2-5 2.2.2 Aqueous Effluents ......................... 2-6 2.2.3 Occupational Health and Safety .................. ....... 2-6 2.2.4 Emergency Response Measures .......................... 2-7 2.2.5 Noise ......................... 2-8 2.2.6 Electromagnetic Field Intensity ................ ......... 2-8 2.2.7 Air and Water Quality Standards .......................... 2-9 2.3 Institutional Responsibilities for Environmental Management ... 2-13 2.3.1 Legal Oversight and Enforcement of Environmental Regulations ......................... 2-13 2.4 International Treaties and Protocols .................. ................... 2-15 2.4.1 "Convention on Trans-boundary Air Pollution for Long Distances", 'Resolution on Trans-boundary Air Pollution for Long Distances", "Declaration on Low Waste and Waste-free Technologies and Waste Utilization . ........... 2-15 2.4.2 Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in the Trans-boundary Context ........................................... 2-16 2.4.3 Convention on Global Warming, Black Sea Preservation, etc. ................................................... 2-16 2.4.4 IUCN Biosphere Reserve ............................................ 2-17 2.5 Appropriate International Values and Codes of Practice .......... 2-18 3.0 DESCRIPTIONOF THE PROPOSEDPROJECT ................................... 3-1 3.1 General Project Description ................ .................... 3-1 3.2 Site Characteristics and Design Parameters ............................ 3-1 3.2.1 Geology .................................... 3-2 3.2.2 Hydrology .................................... 3-2 3.2.3 Seismicity .................................... 3-3 3.2.4 Climate .................................... 3-3 3.2.5 Wind ... ....................................3-3 3.2.6 Atmospheric Pressure ............... ..................... 3-3 3.2.7 Water Source ........................... 3-4 3.2.8 Site Drainage ....................................... 3-5 3.3 Plant Configuration ...................................... 3-5 3.3.1 Plant Design and Design Criteria .................................. 3-5 3.3.2 Combined Cycle Power Plant .......................................3-6 3.3.3 Fuel ........................... 3-7 3.3.4 Estimated Plant Emissions ......... .................. 3-8 3.3.4.1 Air Effluents ........................... 3-8 3.3.4.2 Water Effluents .......................... 3-8 3.4 Power Transmission System ...... ........... ......... 3-9 3.4.1 The Switchyards .......... .. .............. 3-10 3.5 Gas Pipeline ................. ......... 3-10 3.6 Staffing for Operations .............. ... ......... 3-10 . 4.0 BASELINE DATA .4-1 .................................................................... 4.1 Air .................................................................................... 4-1 4.1.1 Climatology .4-1 4.1.1.1 Type .4-1 4.1.1 .2 Annual and Monthly Radiation Balance .4-2 4.1.1.3 TemperatureRange (max., min., etc.) .4-3 4.1.1.4 Annual and SeasoonalPrecipitation. 4-6 4.1.1 .5 Rainfall and Thunderstorm Intensities. 4-7 4.1.1.6 Cloudiness- Recurrenceand Duration. 4-7 4.1.2 Meteorology .4-8 4.1.2.1 Wind Conditions and Wind Roses.4-8 4.1.2.2 Duration and Thickness of Inversions ............. 11 4.1.3 Air Quality Impact by Nitrogen Oxides . .4-14 4.1.4 General Air Quality Impact Including Radiation... 4-14 4.1.5 Main Sources of Nitrogen Oxides . .4-14 4.1.5.1 Pollution Sources .4-15 4.1.6 Map of the Sourcesof Pollution . .4-16 4.1.7 Potential Air Pollution. 4-16 4.1.8 Comparison of the RussianCriteria and the World Bank Criteria. 4-16 4.2 Water Resources .. 4-16 4.2.1 Surface Water .4-16 4.2.1.1 Location .4-16 4.2.1.2 Sources and Receivers of Water Flow .4-17 4.2.1.3 Water Use. 4-18 4.2.1.4 Dimensions,Hydraulics, Levels, Morphometry, Boundaries. 4-19 4.2.1.5 Ice Regime,Duration, Thickness .4-21 4.2.1.6 Discharge .4-25 4.2.1.7 Regime of Surface Runoff ................ ............ 4-29 4.2.1.8 Water Quality ....................................... 4-31 4.2.1.8.1 Bacterial and Viral Indices ........ .... 4-31 4.2.1.9 Sediments ................................ ....... 4-31 4.2.1.9.1 Transport of Sediments ........ ....... 4-31 4.2.1.10 Water Consumers Downstream of the Laba River .............................. .......... 4-36 4.2.1.11 Drinking Water Intake .................. ................ 4-36 4.2.1.12 Basic Pollutants .......................................... 4-36 4.2.1.13 Map of Pollution Sources ........... .................. 4-36 4.2.2 Groundwater ...................... ......................... 4-36 4.2.2.1 Water Quality ............................................. 4-36 4.2.2.2 Thickness and Occurrence of Aquifers ........... 4-39 4.2.2.3 Thickness of Confining Beds .......... .............. 4-40 4.2.2.4 The Regions of Groundwater Formation and Leakage .............................................. 4-41 4.2.2.5 Service Water Intake .................. ................. 4-41 4.2.2.6 Hydrogeological Map .................. ................. 4-41 4.3 Land Resources ................. ............................... 4-43 4.3.1 Geology ............................................... 4-43 4.3.1.1 Stratigraphy....................................... 4-43 4.3.1.2 Seismology....................................... .4-44 4.3.1.3 Topography....................................... 4-46 4.3.1.4 Relief........................................ 4-47 4.3.1.5 Mineralogy....................................... 4-49 4.3.1.6 Lithology....................................... 4-49 4.3.1.7 Permeability....................................... 4-50 4.3.1.8 Frozen-State Regime.................................... 4-51 4.3.1.9 Soil Erosion and Land Degradation ........ 4 51........1 4.3.1.10 Geological Processes and Anomalies ............. 4-52 4.3.1.11 So;l Types ................................................ 4-52 4.3.1.11.1 The Character of Land Use - Grain Crops, etc. ......... ............. 4-58 4.3.1.11.2 Type of Pollutants, Location, Distribtion ............... ................. 4-60 4.4.1 Land Use ................. ............................... 4-61 4.4.2 Land Owners ...................................................... 4-61 4.4.3 Population Distribution ............................... ............... 4-61 4.4.4 Existing Infrastructure .............................. ................ 4-63 4.5 Biological Resources ...................................................... 4-66 4.5.1 Flora and Fauna, Permanently Living and Migrating in the Area ....................................................... 4-66 4.5.1.1 Vegetation ................................................. 4-66 4.5.1.2 Animal Kingdom ......................................... 4-67 4.5.1.2.1 Fish Breeding Characteristics of Natural Water Streams ............ .. 4-67 4.5.1.3 Rare and Endangered Species .................... ... 4-68 4.5.1.4 Flooded, Overgrown River Banks, National Parks, Reserves, Places of Wild Nature ................. ... 4-68 4.5.1.5 Forests and Farms/Location