NATO Foundation Defense College The Western Balkans at a crossroads: is still pos- More than twenty years after the end of the wars of Yugoslavia’s dissolution, The NDCF is a unique think-tank: international sible to move from the turbulences that have the easy-to-obtain part of the integration process between the Western Bal- by design and based in Rome, due to its associa- undermined the region in the Nineties towards kans and the Euro-Atlantic institutions has been reached, however today we tion with the NATO Defense College. Its added a future of social integration, economic devel- are at a crucible. value lies in the objectives stated by its charter opment, political stability and the rule of law? A The prospect of EU/NATO integration remains the main vehicle towards and in its international network. positive answer could be found in the process of achieving sustainable regional stability and development. Constant commit- Euro-Atlantic integration. The Western Balkans ment and periodical encouraging signals and incentives are the key elements The charter specifies that the NDCF works with are the beating heart of Europe, they are sur- to support the Western Balkans towards peace, stability and socio-economic the Member States of the Atlantic Alliance, its rounded by EU and NATO members states and progress. According to this context, the conference is structured in three pan- partners and the countries that have some form it is logical to think about them as part of us. We els. of co-operation with NATO. Through the Foun- have the moral obligation to pursue political di- The first panel focuses on the valid reasons to make the good reforms to guar- dation the involvement of USA and Canada is alogue and practical co-operation as well as to antee in the Western Balkans a future of social integration, economic develop- more fluid than in other settings. AT A CROSSROADS AT improve connectivity through and within those ment and political stability. The Balkans are at a crossroads and it is essential to THE WESTERN countries. It is now time to keep this region prevent them to fall into the instability of the past. The Foundation was born seven years ago and on the top of the political agendas. It is time The second panel considers the new threats the Western Balkans are tackling, is rapidly expanding its highly specific and cus- to make a choice moving beyond crossroads such as criminal networks, small arms proliferation, illegal trafficking and ter- tomer-tailored activities, achieving an increas- considering also the new challenges that are rorist groups. Economic inequalities are just the immediate consequence of BALKANS ingly higher profile, also through activities ded- emerging from the instability and institution- these problems that, on the long-run, might lead to social cleavages and risk icated to decision makers and their staffs. Since al uncertainty, such as criminal networks, small to enlarge the reach of terrorist recruitment. it is a body with considerable freedom of action, arms proliferation, illegal trafficking and terror- The third panel highlights that the key priority for the Western Balkans to- AT A CROSSROADS transnational reach and cultural openness, the ist groups. As Jean-Claude Juncker stated: “Ac- wards the Euro-Atlantic integration is to move from post-war societies to a Foundation is developing a wider scientific and cession is not a dream but a reality, a reality that truly regional co-operation. This means building new infrastructures, passing WESTERN THE BALKANS events programme. is going to come”, and in this context, the Eu- economic reforms and fostering a renewed dialogue on security within the ropean Union and NATO must play a key role countries in the region. as vectors able to foster a genuine conversation The conference aims at a high-quality added-value interaction; contributing among the region. to an in depth analysis and also to draw a sense of direction for security pro- viders. Isbn 978-88-6140-228-7 9 788861 402287 COVER.indd 1 07/06/18 10:06 NATO Foundation Defense College The Western Balkans at a crossroads: is still pos- More than twenty years after the end of the wars of Yugoslavia’s dissolution, The NDCF is a unique think-tank: international sible to move from the turbulences that have the easy-to-obtain part of the integration process between the Western Bal- by design and based in Rome, due to its associa- undermined the region in the Nineties towards kans and the Euro-Atlantic institutions has been reached, however today we tion with the NATO Defense College. Its added a future of social integration, economic devel- are at a crucible. value lies in the objectives stated by its charter opment, political stability and the rule of law? A The prospect of EU/NATO integration remains the main vehicle towards and in its international network. positive answer could be found in the process of achieving sustainable regional stability and development. Constant commit- Euro-Atlantic integration. The Western Balkans ment and periodical encouraging signals and incentives are the key elements The charter specifies that the NDCF works with are the beating heart of Europe, they are sur- to support the Western Balkans towards peace, stability and socio-economic the Member States of the Atlantic Alliance, its rounded by EU and NATO members states and progress. According to this context, the conference is structured in three pan- partners and the countries that have some form it is logical to think about them as part of us. We els. of co-operation with NATO. Through the Foun- have the moral obligation to pursue political di- The first panel focuses on the valid reasons to make the good reforms to guar- dation the involvement of USA and Canada is alogue and practical co-operation as well as to antee in the Western Balkans a future of social integration, economic develop- more fluid than in other settings. AT A A CROSSROADS AT improve connectivity through and within those ment and political stability. The Balkans are at a crossroads and it is essential to THE WESTERN countries. It is now time to keep this region prevent them to fall into the instability of the past. The Foundation was born seven years ago and on the top of the political agendas. It is time The second panel considers the new threats the Western Balkans are tackling, is rapidly expanding its highly specific and cus- to make a choice moving beyond crossroads such as criminal networks, small arms proliferation, illegal trafficking and ter- tomer-tailored activities, achieving an increas- considering also the new challenges that are rorist groups. Economic inequalities are just the immediate consequence of BALKANS ingly higher profile, also through activities ded- emerging from the instability and institution- these problems that, on the long-run, might lead to social cleavages and risk icated to decision makers and their staffs. Since al uncertainty, such as criminal networks, small to enlarge the reach of terrorist recruitment. it is a body with considerable freedom of action, arms proliferation, illegal trafficking and terror- The third panel highlights that the key priority for the Western Balkans to- AT A CROSSROADS transnational reach and cultural openness, the ist groups. As Jean-Claude Juncker stated: “Ac- wards the Euro-Atlantic integration is to move from post-war societies to a Foundation is developing a wider scientific and cession is not a dream but a reality, a reality that truly regional co-operation. This means building new infrastructures, passing WESTERN THE BALKANS events programme. is going to come”, and in this context, the Eu- economic reforms and fostering a renewed dialogue on security within the ropean Union and NATO must play a key role countries in the region. as vectors able to foster a genuine conversation The conference aims at a high-quality added-value interaction; contributing among the region. to an in depth analysis and also to draw a sense of direction for security pro- viders. Isbn 978-88-6140-228-7 9 788861 402287 COVER.indd 1 07/06/18 10:06 The Western Balkans at a crossroads NATO Defense College Foundation Copyright © 2018 Via Alessandro Serpieri, 8 NATO Defense College Foundation Roma 00197 web: www.natofoundation.org Edito da A.G.R.A. srl email: [email protected] via Nomentana 257 twitter: @NATOFoundation 00161 Roma facebook: NATO College Foundation tel +39 0644254205 fax +39 0644254239 Strategic Balkans project: e-mail [email protected] twitter: @StratBalkans www.agraeditrice.com facebook: NDCFStrategicBalkans #BalkansCrossroads Finito di stampare nel mese di giugno 2018 Realizzazione editoriale: Agra srl Progetto grafico: Rosa Schiavello Copertina: Shutterstock Stampa: Sec1 Roma Gruppo di Lavoro Alessandro Minuto-Rizzo Alessandro Politi Serena Di Nardo Federica Lollo Matteo Marsini Francesco Bergoglio Errico Mattia Giulioli Special thanks to U.S. Embassy in Rome Special thanks to PMI and Al Arabiya Tutti i diritti sono riservati a NATO Defense College Foundation. Nessuna parte di questo libro può essere riprodotta o utilizzata in alcun modo, escluso le citazioni giornalistiche, senza l’autorizzazione scritta di NATO Defense College Foundation, né per mezzi elettronici né meccanici, incluse fotocopie, registrazione o riproduzione attraverso qualsiasi sistema di elaborazione dati. THE WESTERN BALKANS AT A CROSSROADS Organised by the NATO Defense College Foundation with the support of the U.S. Embassy in Rome Sunset in Prizren (Kosovo). Sunset in Prizren (Kosovo). Ljubljana Zagreb Novi Sad Belgrade Bucarest Sarajevo Nis Pristina Podgorica Sofia Tirana Skopje Istanbul BALKANS’ RAIL AND ROAD CONNECTIONS ROADS RAILROADS This map has only an illustrative value. It does not represent any official or unofficial member state or NATO position Ljubljana Zagreb Novi Sad Belgrade Bucarest Sarajevo Nis Pristina Podgorica Sofia Tirana Skopje Istanbul BALKANS’ RAIL AND ROAD CONNECTIONS ROADS RAILROADS This map has only an illustrative value.