77 INDEX Adachi, 39 dorogin, 24, 25, 26, 35, 37.Seealso Aizu, 39 ichibu; Silver Alcock, Sir Rutherford: and nishu coin, doza. See Copper 22;.and coinage exchange problem, Dutch trade, with Japan, 1, 2, 16, 18, 26, 23, 25, 28-32, 34, 35; and paper 29,35,38 currency, 38; on prices, 42 Antiforeignism, 2, 14, 16, 30, 42, 43, East India and China Trading Association, 44 29 . Arbuthnot, Lord, 38, 42; 43, 44 Edo, 4, 29, 31, 41; burning of bakufu Armaments, imports of, 41 castle in, 26, 28; exchange houses in, 27,38,42 Barter, 2, 6 Eldredge, J.C., 13, 14, 15 Bills of exchange, 4 Emperor of Japan, 1, 29, 31, 41 Boyle, J. H., 33 Eskrigge, Thomas, 28 Brass coins, 6, 38 Exchange houses, 4, 32, 38, 42 bu. See Denominational units Exchange rate: negotiations over, 2, 12, Bullion distribution monopolies, 3 13-24, 25, 28-33, 35, 44-45, 46; be­ fore 1842, 8-9 Chartered Mercantile Bank of India, London, and China, 32 Feudal attitudes. See Antiforeignism Chinese cash, 6, 13, 25 Fillmore, President Millard, 1, 19 Chinese trade, with Japan, 1, 2, 16, 23, Foreign affairs commissioners, 21, 22, 35 26, 39-40 Formosa,49 chogin. See Denominational units France, 35 City magistrates, 3 Free trade, Western ideas of, 1 Coal, 15, 30, 49 French treaties, 20 Coinage debasement, 6-10, 11, 20, 21, fukiwake-za. See Bullion distribution 30, 33, 35, 36-38, 41, 43, 45. monopolies See also Man'en Currency Reform Fukuzawa Yukichi, 27 Coinage exchange. See Exchange rate Coinage speculation, 25-34, 35, 45 gaiko~u bugyo. See Foreign affairs c<?m- Copper, 2, 13; mining of, 3; minting of, missioners 3-4, 6, 7, 39; monopoly of, 3, 19, 30; ginza. See Silver amount in circulation, 5, 10; debase­ gokingin kawase. See Bills of exchange ment of, 6, 7, 9, 34, 38, 43; exchange Gold: and trade with West, 1, 2; mining rate of, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15; specula­ of, 3; minting of, 3, 4, 5; amount in tion in, 25-26, 28, 35 circulation, 5, 7, 9, 10, 40; exchange Cotton, 41 rate of, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, Counterfeit coinage, 39, 40 19,21,22,24,25,32,35,36,43,46; export of, 18-21, 30, 34; speculation Daimyo, 4, 30, 31, 39, 41, 42, 43 in, 25, 26, 27-28, 34, 35, 43 Denominational units, 4, 5, 7, 10, 15, Great Britain, 20, 26, 28, 29, 31, 35, 39, 32,36,37,39,41 40,42,44 doro silver. See dorogin 78 Hakodate, 25, 31 Merchant monopolies, 9 hansatsu. See Promissory notes Mexican silver dollar; description of, Harris, Townsend; and negotiation of 10-11; exchange rate of, 13-15, 17, Treaty of 1858, 16-20, 25;.and 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25; British Admiral Perry, 16; plan for coinage views of, 23, 42, 43; substitution of exchange, 23-24, 37, 43; on specula­ ichibu for, 26; and gold speculation, tion, 29, 30, 34; and bakufu, 31, 32, 27, 32, 33, 34; outside treaty ports, 35 30 Heco, Joseph, 27 Mines, 3, 6, 30, 47 Hizenya Konosuke, 32 Mining experts, 3, 21, 4 7 Hoarding, 41 Mints, 3 Honda Masanobu, 3 Mito, 39 Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Mitsui family, 32, 33 Corporation, 32 Mizuno Tadanori, 18, 21, 3 5 Hongkong, purchase of minting ma­ Money changers, 32, 33 chinery in, 44 Moriyama Yenosuke, 17 ichibu. See Gold Nagasaki, 2, 3, 16, 18, 22, 27, 31, 38 Ii Naosuke, 22, 37 nibu. See Gold India, Commercial Bank of, 32; Central Nishijin silk and textile area, 41 Bank of Western, 32 nishu, 4, 5, 22, 23, 25, 35 Inflation, 34, 35-44 Inoue Kiyonao, 16, 17 oban. See Gold Ishii Takashi, 33 Oguri Tadamasa, 38 Italy, 35 Ogyu Sorai, 3 Okada Tadahiku, 16, 17, 38 Johnston, James D., Lt. 27, 28 Oriental Bank Corporation, 32 Osaka, merchants of, 4-6, 8, 42 kabunakama. See Merchant monopolies Kanagawa, 27 Paper money, 3, 4, 8, 10, 17, 18, 22, 38, kanjo bugyo. See Treasury commissioners 39. See also Promissory notes Kanto area, 39, 41 Parkes, Sir Harry, 40 Kinder, Major, 44 Parliamentary Paper, 29 kinza. See Gold Perry, Admiral, 1, 13, 16, 24, 28, 41, 43 koban. See Gold Poissiet, Commander, 17 Kyoto,4,41 Portugese, expulsion of, 29 Powhatan, 28 Lead,6,30,38 Prices, 9, 11, 41, 42, 46, 48 Promissory notes, 4, 7, 10, 38, 39, 40, 41, machi bugyo. See City magistrates 47 Machinery, imports of, 41 mame-ita-gi.n. See Denominational units Rice, 41, 42 Man'en Currency Reform, 35-44 Russell, Lord, 29, 30, 31, 42 Meiji government, 38, 39, 45 ryo. See Denominational units Meiji Restoration, 2, 39 ryogaesho. See Exchange houses Merchant checks, 4, 40 .