Carrier Ethernet: Extending Ethernet from the LAN to WAN and beyond 30th September 2014 Professor Andy Sutton CEng FIET MITP FBCS 1 Contents • Networking protocol architecture • Ethernet – the LAN protocol • Telco wide area networking • Introduction to the MEF • Carrier Ethernet • Carrier Ethernet 2.0 • Use case review – international leased lines and mobile backhaul • Latest developments • Summary 2 Networking architecture models ISO OSI / Arpanet / IETF / Cisco… Application Application Presentation Application Application /Process Session Transport Transport Transport Host to Host Network Network Internetwork Data Link Data Link Network Network Interface Physical Interface Physical 3 Ethernet • Xerox PARC Ethernet was developed at Xerox PARC during the 1970s • This original Ethernet used a shared coax cable to transmit data between basic computers • Robert Metcalfe was one of the inventors and was largely responsible for Ethernets commercial promotion and industry adoption during the 1980s • The Standard • IEEE 802.3 - 1985 • The Famous Diagram • Robert Metcalfe presented this diagram in 1976 to the National Computer Conference. 4 Ethernet has evolved… • Ethernet transmission speeds have evolved to support 10, 100, 1000 and 10000Mbps with 100000Mbps systems being deployed in backbone networks – work is on-going on even faster data rates! • Ethernet LAN topology has evolved, less CSMA/CD on access cables as networks are increasingly based on switched Ethernet • Full duplex operation is common on modern 100 and 1000Mbps links • Most commonly used Ethernet frames are formatted in accordance with the Ethernet 2 (also known as DIX Ethernet) frame format: Pre- SFD Destination Source Type CRC Data Payload amble Address Address field 46 - 1500 bytes 7 bytes 1 byte 6 bytes 6 bytes 2 bytes 4 bytes 5 Ethernet copper cable specifications • Cat 3 is only good for 10Base-T (10 Mbps) and telephony • Cat 5/5e can be used for 100Base-Tx (100 Mbps) - This type of cable has many more twists per metre than cat 3. • Cat 6 can be used for 1000Base-T (1 Gbps) - It uses thicker conductors and better insulation than cat 5 – Increasingly the norm nowadays… • PoE can operate over cat 5 or 6 6 Wide range of fibre connectivity SC ST MTRJ LC 7 Ethernet & Virtual LAN’s 802.1Q - 2005 Ethernet Frame introduced the concept of Virtual LAN’s • Original frame for reference (from earlier slide): Pre- SFD Destination Source Type CRC Data Payload amble Address Address field 46 - 1500 bytes 7 bytes 1 byte 6 bytes 6 bytes 2 bytes 4 bytes • 802.1Q frame – also known as C-tag frame in Carrier Ethernet terminology Destination Source VLAN Type CRC Data Payload Address Address tag field 46 - 1500 bytes 6 bytes 6 bytes 4 bytes 2 bytes 4 bytes TPID PCP CFI VID 0x8100 (.1Q tag) 16 bits 3 bit 1 bit 12 bits 8 Telco wide area networks • Fixed telecommunications network operators have traditionally been the providers of wide area connectivity • This has been provided with telco specific transmission technologies • These digital technologies have traditionally been based on time division multiplexing (TDM) principles - PDH and SDH • Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy and Synchronous Digital Hierarchy 9 An Overview of the Work of the MEF 10 Since 2001, Developing, Marketing and Certifying Standards for Carrier Ethernet Services Standards Operations Education Compliance 11 Global Expansion from Metro to Carrier Ethernet • The Beginning: Metro Ethernet – The MEF was formed in 2001 to develop ubiquitous business services for Enterprise users principally accessed over optical metropolitan networks to connect their Enterprise LANs • Expansion to Carrier Ethernet – The success of Metro Ethernet Services caught the imagination of the world as the concept expanded to include • Worldwide services traversing national and global networks • Access networks to provide availability to a much wider class of user over fiber, copper, cable, PON, and wireless • Economy of scale from the resulting converged business, residential and wireless networks sharing the same infrastructure and services • Scalability & rapid deployment of business applications • Adoption of the certification program – While retaining the cost model and simplicity of Ethernet 12 Carrier Ethernet Defined for Service Providers: for Business Users: A set of certified network elements A ubiquitous, standardized, carrier- that connect to transport Carrier class Service and Network defined Ethernet services for all users, locally by five attributes that distinguish it & worldwide from familiar LAN based Ethernet Carrier Ethernet services are carried over physical Ethernet networks and other legacy transport technologies 13 The 5 Attributes Carrier Ethernet (1) Attribute 1: Standardized Services • E-Line, E-LAN provide transparent, private line, virtual private line and multi-point to multi-point LAN services. • A ubiquitous service providing globally & locally via standardized equipment • Requires no changes to customer LAN equipment or networks and accommodates existing network connectivity such as, time- sensitive, TDM traffic and signaling • Ideally suited to converged voice, video & data networks • Wide choice and granularity of bandwidth and quality of service options 14 The 5 Attributes Carrier Ethernet (2) Attribute 2: Scalability • The ability for millions to use a network service that is ideal for the widest variety of business, information, communications and entertainment applications with voice, video and data • Spans Access & Metro to National & Global Services over a wide variety of physical infrastructures implemented by a wide range of Service Providers • Scalability of bandwidth from 1Mbps to 10Gbps and beyond, in granular increments 15 The 5 Attributes Carrier Ethernet (3) Attribute 3: Reliability • The ability for the network to detect & recover from incidents without impacting users • Meeting the most demanding quality and availability requirements • Rapid recovery time when problems do occur, as low as 50ms 16 The 5 Attributes Carrier Ethernet (4) Attribute 4: Quality of Service • Wide choice and granularity of bandwidth and quality of service options • Service Level Agreements (SLAs) that deliver end-to-end performance matching the requirements for voice, video and data over converged business and residential networks • Provisioning via SLAs that provide end-to-end performance based on CIR, frame loss, delay and delay variation characteristics 17 The 5 Attributes Carrier Ethernet (5) Attribute 5: Service Management • The ability to monitor, diagnose and centrally manage the network, using standards-based vendor independent implementations • Carrier-class OAM • Rapid service provisioning 18 Carrier Ethernet Terminology • UNI (User-to-Network Interface) – Physical interface/demarcation between service provider and subscriber – Service start/end point • Ethernet Virtual Connection (EVC) – An association of two or more UNIs • Three types of EVC – Point-to-Point – Multipoint-to-Multipoint – Rooted Multipoint (Point-to-Multipoint) • EVCs and Services In a Carrier Ethernet network, data is transported across Point-to-Point, Point-to- Multipoint and Multipoint-to-Multipoint EVCs according to the attributes and definitions of the E-Line and E-LAN services • NNI (Network-to-Network Interface) – Demarcation/peering point • Between service providers (ENNI) • Between service provider internal networks (I-NNI) 1919 20 A new generation of CARRIER ETHERNET Eight Ethernet virtual and port-based services Delivers 3 powerful features: Standardized Multi-CoS, Interconnect, Manageability Enables enriched Mobile & Business Services Enterprise and Cloud Applications, New simple Ethernet access connections Supported by new services-oriented Certification 21 Carrier Ethernet Generations Framework Generations Future A Carrier Carrier Ethernet 1.0 Carrier Ethernet 2.0 Carrier Ethernet Ethernet networks and networks and services Future Generation Generation services enable enable multiple classes networks and services defines the standardized of service and will enable simplified, evolution of MEF Ethernet services to manageability over automated service compliant be delivered over interconnected provider delivery networks and one provider’s networks services network 22 Attributes 2 Mbps CIR for control CoS 6 CoS 4 10 Mbps CIR for VoIP EVC New CE 2.0 Class 1 20Mbps CIR for UNI CoS 2 CE 2.0 Multi-CoS VPN data traffic of Service Extensions 68Mbps for Internet Access EVC2 Industry’s First Standardized Multi-CoS Application & Distance-Oriented Performance Objectives for Next Gen SLAs Enables New Level of Network Efficiency, Responsiveness for Enterprises & MBH CE 2.0 Service Management CE 2.0 Interconnect Automated management Brings Scalability Integrates autonomous, Cloud 3 Recent/New Specs for Retail Provider’s CE networks, as a CE single Network ENNI CE Exchange SOAM, FM/PM regional/global network ENNI New Metrics New WholesaleUNI Service UNI Wholesale simplifies lowers costs,Access adds Network revenue 23 Service Types 4 Port-Based services, 4 VLAN Aware Services E-Line E-LAN • Virtual Private Lines (EPL) • Multipoint L2 VPNs • Ethernet Private Lines (EVPL) • Transparent LAN Service UNI • Ethernet Internet Access UNI • Multicast Networks Multi-point to Multi-point EVC UNI Point-to-Point EVC UNI UNI E-Tree E- Access • Rooted Multi-Point L2 VPNs • Wholesale Access Services • Traffic Segregation Point-to-Point EVC • Access EPL UNI UNI ENN • EP-Tree, EVP-Tree Rooted • AccessUNI EVPL I Carrier Ethernet Multipoint EVC Access Network