SCUOLA DI INGEGNERIA INDUSTRIALE E DELL’INFORMAZIONE Laurea Magistrale In Ingegneria Meccanica Simulation of Healthcare Facilities with Unity game engine Advisor: Prof. Andrea Matta Paolo LUZZANA 876387 Academic Year 2017/2018 3 Table of Contents Sommario .......................................................................................................................... 6 Abstract ............................................................................................................................. 7 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 9 The clinical-hospital world ...................................................................................... 11 The use of simulation .............................................................................................. 11 The different available types of simulation ............................................................. 13 A fourth way: an object-oriented approach ............................................................. 14 Application .............................................................................................................. 15 Components of the model ........................................................................................ 15 Software implementation ......................................................................................... 16 Chapter 1: Foundations ................................................................................................... 17 1.1 The model of the Israel Institute of Technology ................................................... 18 1.1.1 Space ............................................................................................................... 18 1.1.2 Actors ............................................................................................................. 19 1.1.3 The activities .................................................................................................. 22 1.1.4 The narratives ................................................................................................. 22 1.1.5 The scheduler .................................................................................................. 23 1.2 Navigation System ................................................................................................ 24 1.2.1 Walkable areas ................................................................................................ 24 1.2.2 Search for a route ............................................................................................ 25 1.2.3 Obstacles ......................................................................................................... 26 1.2.4 Local and global navigation ........................................................................... 27 1.2.5 Model of the NavMesh Agent ........................................................................ 28 1.3 A* Algorithm ........................................................................................................ 31 1.3.1 First iteration: Breadth First Search – BFS .................................................... 32 1.3.2 Movement costs - Dijkstra's algorithm ........................................................... 34 1.3.3 Heuristic research ........................................................................................... 36 1.3.4 The A * algorithm .......................................................................................... 37 1.4 Behaviour Tree ...................................................................................................... 39 1.4.1 Basic concepts ................................................................................................ 39 1.4.2 Execution ........................................................................................................ 40 1.4.3 Typologies of nodes ....................................................................................... 42 4 Simulation of Healthcare Facilities with Unity game engine 1.4.4 Data Context ................................................................................................... 46 1.4.5 Stacks .............................................................................................................. 47 Chapter 2: The Central Scheduler and the Pop-Ups ....................................................... 49 2.1 Central Scheduler .................................................................................................. 50 2.1.1 Active elements ............................................................................................... 50 2.1.2 Functionalities ................................................................................................. 52 2.1.3 Behaviour tree ................................................................................................. 55 2.2 Pop-Up Elements ................................................................................................... 57 2.2.1 Advantages ...................................................................................................... 57 2.2.2 Disadvantages and compromises .................................................................... 59 2.3 Chairs ..................................................................................................................... 61 2.3.1 Active elements ............................................................................................... 61 2.3.2 Functionalities ................................................................................................. 62 2.3.3 Interfacing from outside .................................................................................. 64 2.4 Group movement ................................................................................................... 67 2.4.1 Active elements ............................................................................................... 67 2.4.2 Functionalities ................................................................................................. 68 2.5 Single line .............................................................................................................. 73 2.5.1 Active elements ............................................................................................... 73 2.5.2 Functionalities ................................................................................................. 74 2.6 Dispenser ............................................................................................................... 79 2.6.1 Active elements ............................................................................................... 79 2.6.2 Functionalities ................................................................................................. 80 2.7 Toilets .................................................................................................................... 83 2.7.1 Active elements ............................................................................................... 83 2.7.2 Functionalities ................................................................................................. 83 Chapter 3: The Professionals ........................................................................................... 87 3.1 Triage ..................................................................................................................... 88 3.1.1 Active elements ............................................................................................... 88 3.1.2 Functionalities ................................................................................................. 89 3.1.3 Behaviour tree ................................................................................................. 90 3.2 Vitalist ................................................................................................................... 93 3.2.1 Active elements ............................................................................................... 93 3.2.2 Functionalities ................................................................................................. 94 5 3.2.3 Behaviour Tree ............................................................................................... 96 3.3 Ward .................................................................................................................... 100 3.3.1 Active elements ............................................................................................ 100 3.3.2 Functionalities .............................................................................................. 102 3.3.3 Behaviour tree .............................................................................................. 103 Chapter 4: Patient .......................................................................................................... 107 Active elements ..................................................................................................... 108 4.2 Functionalities ................................................................................................. 111 4.3 Behaviour Tree ................................................................................................ 114 4.4 Sound Management ......................................................................................... 120 4.5 Light Management ..........................................................................................