Die Expeditionen AN des Forschungsschi The Expeditions ANTA of the Research Vessel Herausgegeben von I Edited by Ulrich Bathmann, Meinhard chulz-Baldes, Eberhard Fahrbach, Victor Smetacek, Hans-Wolfgang Hubberten unter Mitarbeit der Fahrtteilnehmer I with contributions of the participants Ber. Polarforsch. 100 (1992) ISSN 0176 - 5027 ANTARKTIS 1x11 -4 20 October 1990 - 13 May 1991 KOORDINATOR/COORDINATOR Victor Smetacek ANT IW1: Bremerhaven - Punta Arenas FAHRTLEITEWCHIEF SCIENTIST Meinhard Schulz-Baldes ANT IW2: Punta Arenas - Cape Town FAHRTLEITEWCHIEF SCIENTIST Eberhard Fahrbach ANT IW3: Cape Town - Cape Town FAHRTLEITEWCHIEF SCIENTIST Victor Smetacek ANT IW4: Cape Town - Bremerhaven FAHRTLEITEWCHIEF SCIENTIST Hans-Wolfgang Hubberten LandgestütztArbeiten auf der König-Georg-Inse M. Rauschert The coordinator appreciates the skilful technical assistance of Ingrid Lukait during the edition of this cruise report. INHALT 1 CONTENTS EINLEITUNG ...........................................................................................................................1 FOREWORD ............................................................................................................................ 2 Fahrtabschnitt ANT 1x11 ........................................................................ 4 Schwermetalle in diversen Kompartimenten ....................................................... 5 Zielsetzung ..................................................................................................................5 Oberflächenwasse................................................................................................... 5 Tiefenwasser .............................................................................................................. 5 Voltammetrische Analysen von Oberflächenwasse.......................................... 6 Spurenmetalle in marinem Regen .........................................................................6 Extraktion und AAS-Analyse ................................................................................... 7 Partikulär Substanz................................................................................................ 7 Neuston .......................................................................................................................7 Tiefenplankton......................................................................................................... 10 Chlorophyll im Phytoplankton und DMSP in Phytoplankton und Neuston .................................................................................................................... 11 Mikrozooplankton und Nannoplankton ..............................................................12 Tiefenstationen........................................................................................................ 12 Phytoplanktonproben............................................................................................. 12 Nährstoff-Probe..................................................................................................... 14 Oberflächenwasserprobe ................................................................................... 14 Lebendkulturen und Proben von Coccolithophoriden ................................... 17 Mikrozooplanktonproben ..................................................................................... 18 Hydrologie................................................................................................................ 20 Vorläufig Beobachtungen und Ergebnisse ..................................................... 21 Gasförmig Salpetersäure Ammoniak und partikelförmige Ammoniumnitrat in der Atmosphär.................................................................... 22 Biogene Schwefelverbindungen und deren Reaktionsprodukte in Seewasser und mariner Atmosphär ................................................................. 23 Polychlorbiphenyle (PCB). Hexachlorcyclohexan-Isomeren (HCH) und Hexachlorbenzols (HCB) in der Grundschicht der Troposphär und im ozeanischen Oberflächenwasse........................................................................ 24 Organobromverbindungen in der marinen Troposphär und im atlantischen Oberflächenwasse......................................................................... 26 Messungen von atmosphärische Quecksilber übedem Atlantik .............. 27 Messungen zur spektralen optischen Dicke des Aerosols übeMeer ....................................................................................................................................28 Fernerkundung stratosphärischeSpurenstoffe mit Absorptions-Spek- troskopie im ultravioletten und sichtbaren Spektralbereich ........................... 29 Aktivitäte am neuen Bordrechnersystem währen ANT 1x11 ....................... 30 Fahrtabschnitt ANT 1x12 ...................................................................... 3 1 Fahrtverlauf und Zusammenfassung ..................................................................31 Itinerary and surnmary ...........................................................................................36 Physical Oceanography ........................................................................................39 Water masses and circulation ..............................................................................39 Distribution of dissolved inorganic nutrients in the water column .................54 Tritium and Helium measurements .....................................................................56 Water level measurements ...................................................................................56 Optical properties of sea water .............................................................................58 Underway measurements of current profiles. XBTs and the thermosalinograph .................................................................................................58 Chemistry .................................................................................................................65 Measurements of biogenic sulfur compounds and their reaction products in sea water and the marine atmosphere ..........................................65 Measurements of the concentration of Nitric acid. Ammonia and Ammonium Nitrate in the marine atmosphere................................................... 66 Organobromine compounds in the ocean and atmosphere ...........................66 Biogeochemistry of Silica...................................................................................... 68 Biogeochemistry of Barium ...................................................................................70 Marine Biology ........................................................................................................ 71 Energy flux at the base of the Antarctic food web ............................................. 71 Phytoplankton biomass and species distribution .............................................72 DMS .Production by Antarctic phytoplankton species .................................... 73 Effect of dissolved organic compounds derived from "brown ice" On the development of surface phytoplankton in the Weddell Sea ........................... 75 Reproduction and Iife cycles of dominant copepods in the Weddell Sea ............................................................................................................................80 Comparative studies On the temperature dependence and kinetics of digestive enzymes in crustaceans .......................................................................82 32Si applied to marine biology............................................................................. 83 Marine Geology .......................................................................................................84 Bathymetry ...............................................................................................................84 Sediment distribution ............................................................................................. 86 Particle flux in the water colurnn ..........................................................................88 Stable isotopes in the water colurnn ...................................................................90 Natural radioactive isotopes in the water column............................................. 90 Postinstallation work on the computer system .................................................. 91 Weather cnnditions ................................................................................................. 92 Ice conditions ...........................................................................................................93 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................94 Fahrtabschnitt AN?' 1x13 ...................................................................... 9 5 1 . Einleitung .................................................................................................................95 1 . Introduction ............................................................................................................101 2 . Weather conditions........................................................................................ ;...... 105 3 . Ice observations in the eastern Weddell and Lazarev Seas ........................ 107 4 . Water column studies..........................................................................................