Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 00 (2017) 000–000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com 2 A.S.M. Maksud Kamal et al./ Procedia Engineering 00 (2017) 000–000 Procedia Engineering 00 (2017) 000–000 www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia ScienceDirect Keywords: TRM; Waterlogging; Coastal hazard; Build-back-Better Procedia Engineering 212 (2018) 760–767 7th International Conference on Building Resilience; Using scientific knowledge to inform policy Nomenclature 7thand International practice in disaster Conference risk reduction, on Building ICBR2017, Resilience; 27 Using – 29 November scientific knowledge2017, Bangkok, to inform Thailand policy and practice in disaster risk reduction, ICBR2017, 27 – 29 November 2017, Bangkok, Thailand FGD Focus Group Discussion KII Key Informant Interview Physical and Social Assessment of the Waterlogged Area and SSC Suspended Sediment Concentration Physical and Social Assessment of the Waterlogged Area and TRM Tidal River Management Suitability of the “Inclusive and Adaptive Tidal River Management TRM++ Inclusive and Adaptive Tidal River Management SuitabilityTechnique” of theto Alleviate “Inclusive Waterlogging and Adaptive in Tidal Southwest River BangladeshManagement UNDP United Nation Development Programme Technique” to Alleviate Waterlogging in Southwest Bangladesh a a a a A.S.M. Maksud Kamal , Abrar Hossain *, B.M. Rabby Hossain , S.M. Kamrul Hassan , 1. Introduction a a a a A.S.M. Maksud Kamal , AbrarA.K.M. Hossain Mamunur*, B.M. Rabby Rashid Hossainb , S.M. Kamrul Hassan , b The Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna River coalesce together to develop one of the largest river systems in the a A.K.M. Mamunur Rashid Department of Disaster Science and Management, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000. Bangladesh. world forming world’s largest delta [1,2,3]. The river system carries a huge amount of water and sediment discharge aDepartment of DisasterUNDP, Science Sher and-e-Bangla Management, Nagar, UniversityDhaka-1207. of Dhaka,Bangladesh. Dhaka -1000. Bangladesh. of more than one billion tons per year [4,5,6]. The rivers and their hundreds of tributaries and distributaries UNDP, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207. Bangladesh. crisscross Bangladesh and ultimately drain out in Bay of Bengal [7]. These characteristics make the region very dynamic and sensitive to changes [8]. Bangladesh is one of the most densely populated countries in the world [9] Abstract and, often, human development activities to accommodate the large population have caused major disruptions to the Abstract dynamics of the natural system. The study focuses on such a case where anthropogenic activities have disrupted the Bangladesh has often been considered as the land of extremes in terms of natural processes. The statement is justified by the natural land building process and have caused persistent waterlogging in the southwest region of Bangladesh. The Bangladeshpresence of world’shas often largest been delta,considered one of asthe the largest land riverof extremes systems incarrying terms ofa huge natural amount processes. of water The and statement sediment is discharge justified asby well the rivers of southwestern region in Bangladesh have a tendency for active deposition of sediment in riverbed causing presenceas prevalence of world’s of a numberlargest delta, of natural one of hazards. the largest These river charact systemseristics carrying make a huge the regionamount very of water dynamic and sedimentand sensitive discharge to changes. as well significant reduction in their drainage capacity. Before the construction of the polders, some of the silt-rich tidal asBangladesh prevalence is ofone a ofnumber the most of denselynatural hazards.populated These countries charact in eristicsthe world make and the human region development very dynamic activities and sensitive to accommodate to changes. the sediments were deposited in Beel areas and the rest were flushed out by upstream fresh water flow. The large population have caused major disruptions to the dynamics of the natural system. The study focuses on such a case where Bangladesh is one of the most densely populated countries in the world and human development activities to accommodate the constructions of coastal polders that de-linked the flood plains from the rivers, and diminished upstream flow during anthropogenic activities, such as polderization, dam construction etc. have disrupted the natural land building process and have large population have caused major disruptions to the dynamics of the natural system. The study focuses on such a case where the dry season have deteriorated the sedimentation problem in the region [15]. Consequently, the area has been anthropogeniccaused persistent activities, waterlogging such as in polderization, the southwest dam region construction of Bangladesh. etc. have The disrupted rivers in the the natural region land are naturallybuilding processcharacterized and have by experiencing severe drainage congestion and water logging since the early eighties. Considerable portion of the causedactive deposition persistent ofwaterlogging sediment in in riverbed the southwest causing regionreduced of drainage Bangladesh. capacity. The riversMoreover, in the construction region are naturallyof coastal characterized polders that deby- activelinked depositionthe flood plainsof sediment from inthe riverbed rivers, andcausing diminished reduced upstreamdrainage capacity.flow dur ing Moreover, the dry constructionseason deteriorated of coastal the polders sedimentation that de- region undergo waterlogging each year and water often take six months to recede. In 2011, excessive monsoon linkedproblem the in floodthe region. plains Thefrom study the rivers,delineates and differentdiminished hydrological upstream flowparameters during andthe drycharacteristics season deteriorated of the deposited the sedimentation sediments rainfall triggered massive waterlogging damaging more than 200,000 households in three districts of southwest problemalong with in identificationthe region. The of socialstudy vulnerabilities.delineates different The investigated hydrological hydrologica parametersl andand sedimentologicalcharacteristics of characteristics the deposited refer sediments to the Bangladesh [10]. Among the affected area, Tala Upazila of Satkhira district were hit the hardest with 52902 affected alongexisting with sediment identification management of social as wellvulnerabilities. as provide aThe framework investigated for thehydrologica future developmentl and sedimentological works in the characteristics pre-identified referTRM to sites. the families; 19328 fully and 12500 partially damaged houses; 11571 acres of damaged crops and 18364 acres of existingBased on sediment the findings, management the suitability as well of asInclusive provide and a framework Adaptive Tidalfor the River future M developmentanagement (TRM++) works in technique the pre-identified was assessed. TRM sites. damaged shrimp farms (Source: Office of District Relief & Rehabilitation Officer (DRRO), GoB; obtained from Based on the findings, the suitability of Inclusive and Adaptive Tidal River Management (TRM++) technique was assessed. UNDP Report, 2012 [10]). The area was also the most affected in the year of 2013 with 7500 severely affected © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. households, 7300 moderately affected households and 6400 medium affected households [11]. ©Peer 201-review7 The Authors.under responsibility Published by of Elsevierthe scientific Ltd. committee of the 7th International Conference on Building Resilience. Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 7th International Conference on Building Resilience. Affected people and experts recognize an indigenous water-silt management process called Tidal River Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 7th International Conference on Building Resilience. Management (TRM) as the immediate and intermediate solution to this complex problem [12,13]. However, the model is heavily conceived as less transparent in land compensation mechanism; involvement of landless people, LGIs, CBOs, and cooperatives in the process is low, limited or no options for alternative livelihoods of the small * Corresponding author. Tel.: +880-1712-100715; fax: +880-2-8615583. landholding and landless households. A participatory, robust, inclusive, innovative “TRM ++” is been explored through a consultative process. The preset study aims in understanding the pre-TRM hydrological and * CorrespondingE-mail address: author. [email protected] Tel.: +880-1712 -100715; fax: +880-2-8615583. E-mail address: [email protected] sedimentological scenario as well as the social condition of the two pre-identified sites for TRM construction in 1877-7058 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Khesra and Jalalpur Union of Tala Upazila under Satkhira district (Figure-3.1). The investigation sheds light on the 1877Peer--review7058 © under 2017 responsibilityThe Authors. ofPublished the scientific by Elsevier committee Ltd. of the 7th International Conference on Building Resilience. current risk of waterlogging in relation to sediment management and suitability of present hydro-sedimentological Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 7th International Conference on Building Resilience. conditions