SINAVY DC-Prop and SINAVY PERMASYN® Integrated Propulsion Solutions for Submarines siemens.com/marine Contents History 3 General information 6 General requirements and integration 6 SINAVY SUB 8 Siemens Propulsion Systems for submarines SINAVY DC-Prop 9 SINAVY DC-Prop Type 209 11 SINAVY DC-Prop Type Dolphin 12 SINAVY PERMASYN 13 SINAVY PERMASYN Type 212A 20 SINAVY PERMASYN Type 214 22 SINAVY SUB, references and outlook 23 2 History A long tradition of success In 1877 the Siemens cable-laying ship Faraday was the first ship in the world to be equipped with an electrical lighting system. In 1879 Siemens sold the first electrical installations for ship lighting to be used for three German ships Hannover, Theben and Holsatia. These contracts 135 years ago are regarded as the official start of the Marine activities. In 1886 the Siemens-built Elektra was the world’s first ship with an electrically powered propeller (4.5 kW electric propulsion motor). In 1904 Siemens supplied all the electrical machines for three submarines of the Russian navy and in 1906 for the first German submarine. Since then, for approximately 110 years, Siemens has played a leading role in the design and construction of electric Propulsion Systems for submarines. For decades DC double motors together with armature and exciter current choppers dominated submarine propulsion. In 2000 Siemens delivered the first permanent-magnet synchronous motor with integrated power converters and PERMASYN-type propulsion motor/ drive for a submarine to a yard. The impressive reference list of Propulsion Systems for the last approximately 50 years can be found on page 24. Propulsion Systems for conventional submarines consist of: • A propulsion motor for direct drive of the submarine (directly coupled, without reduction gear) • Inverters/converters for adapting/converting voltages (e.g. choppers or power inverters/converters) • Switchboards for switching and protection of the Propulsion System and ship mains • Propulsion control with open- and closed-loop control functions for monitoring and operation of the Propulsion System components 3 Propulsion System Electrical Distribution Propulsion Inverters/Converters Generator for voltage adaption Switchboard or excitation Propulsion Motor Battery Shaft DC double motor, Protection System PERMASYN motor, Units auxiliaries Main Switchboard AIP Aux. Switchboard, FC Control Board Auxiliary Switchboard Main DC Distribution, Main AC Distribution, Aux. DC Distribution (28 V) Distributors and Propulsion Control Subdistributors 4 Structure of electrical platform technology for conventional submarines SSK Energy Sources EMCS Automation System Auxiliary Systems Diesel Generators Connected to EMCS DC Generators, EMCS Console Trimming, AC Generators Compensating, Compressed Air, Hydraulic, etc. Battery System Stand-alone Systems Lead/Acid, Lithium-ion, Air Conditioning, Battery Monitoring, Degaussing, etc. Battery Cooling, etc. Shore Connection Comm. Bus Other Systems Charging, System DC Mains Grid Process Substations AIP System ILS Fuel Cells Integrated Logistic w/wo DC Converter Support Steering System DC/AC Inverters 115 V/60 Hz 115 V/400 Hz DC/DC Converters 28 V Not Connected to EMCS Lighting System, Comm. System, etc. Communication Power Supply 5 General General requirements information and integration Propulsion Solutions for conventional submarines allow Cutting-edge technologies required the use of stored or generated electrical power supplied Propulsion Systems for submarines are highly specialized directly or indirectly (via batteries) from DC sources such drive and switching plants in the DC low-voltage range as Air Independent Propulsion (AIP) systems for propulsion (up to 1,000 V DC) for high power and heavy short-circuit purposes. In terms of technology, Siemens PEM Fuel Cell loads. or Stirling-based systems are most common today, followed by diesel generator sets, shore connection/charging con- They are designed to fulfill requirements related to the nection, and battery systems. (The state of the art is still application, such as lead-acid submarine battery systems with gel batteries • environment (temperature, humidity, shortly expected to be introduced and Li-ion battery static/transient air pressure) systems under development.) • shock Integrated Propulsion Solutions harmonize interfaces between the dedicated propulsion components for • EMC optimized efficiency under the special environmental • inclinations/heeling (static and transient) conditions of submarines. They form the basis for a highly • signatures, mainly valuable submarine platform with desired features such – noise emission (structure and airborne noise) as long submerged endurance, long cruising range, – magnetic and electric field (nonmagnetic design, extremely silent and to the extent possible undetectable low strayfield) mode of operation, high sprint potency, etc. For details, • heat dissipation please refer to the graphic “Structure of electrical platform technology” on page 4/5. • efficiency 6 • reliability and availability through redundancy and degradation (this involves RMA prediction/calculation/data collection) • volume and weight restrictions • corrosion and coating demands (resistance to seawater, etc.) • ergonomics, illumination • health and safety aspects (avoidance of pollution of the closed atmosphere in the boat; fire detection and extinguishing, etc.) • material and cabling restrictions (e.g., no aggressive-flame products, no PVC) • degree of protection Propulsion Systems for submarines are always designed For the design of Propulsions Systems for submarines and specifically adapted to the submarine boat design, standards and general specifications apply. which means that the propulsion system and boat type Among others, these include: usually form one totally integrated unit. In general, the integration encompasses: • BV (“Bau-Vorschrift” for navy ships issued by German authorities) • Conceptual integration of the entire drive train incl. propeller (speed, torque, output • VG (“Verteidigungs-Geräte”-standard for power, dynamic behavior, etc.) material and tests/procedures) • Mechanical integration (flexible mounting, • AQAP (Allied Quality Assurance Publications) coupling, dampers, positioning, etc.) • IMO (International Maritime Organization) • Electrical integration (cabling, cable connections, • IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) earthing and grounding, short circuit protection, • DIN ISO (“Deutsches Institut für Normung,” overvoltage protection, etc.) International Organization for Standardization) • Functional integration (monitoring and control, • STANAG (Standardization Agreement) signaling, etc.) • MIL-STD (Military Standard) • EH&S integration into the overall submarine • DEF-STAN (Ministry of Defense, Defense Standard) environment, health, and safety concepts) • V-model (Development standard for IT systems) 7 DC-Prop drive PERMASYN drive SINAVY SUB Siemens Propulsion Systems for submarines High reliability and availability SINAVY PERMASYN For more than half a century Siemens Marine & Ship- For more than a decade, SINAVY PERMASYN propulsion building has been supplying electrical platform equipment, drives have been part of the SINAVY SUB portfolio. Their systems, and solutions for conventional submarines. Today, ongoing enhancements make them the most cutting-edge all Siemens submarine technology products are marketed propulsion technology in the market for nonnuclear sub- under the SINAVY SUB brand name. This includes DC drives marines. Thirty-three of these drives will power the boats like the SINAVY DC-Prop as well as permanent-magnet- of seven navies. Currently there are two basic designs in excited synchronous SINAVY PERMASYN propulsion drives. operation, with an intended expansion to a third design In total, more than 170 submarines have been ordered with having a higher output power for use in submarines SINAVY DC-Prop or SINAVY PERMASYN Propulsion Systems. Type 216. Read more about the presently available designs starting SINAVY DC-Prop on page 13. The principal propulsion system structure of DC motors built today doesn’t differ much from those of earlier motor/ drive designs. Starting on page 9, the two most modern SINAVY DC-Prop examples are presented. 8 SINAVY DC-Prop Design and Function Equipment belonging to (or with a functional connection to) the propulsion system: Designed for the harshest submarine operating conditions, DC-Prop propulsion motors provide excellent reliability and • Partial batteries 1 up to 4 robustness. Resistant to impact and shock, while emitting • Switching equipment partial batteries 1up to 4 noise well under all threshold levels, they are in operation • Charging generators 1 up to 4 in more than 130 submarines. Their fail-safe design con- sists of two separate low-noise double-armature engine • Propulsion switchboard sections, each operating completely independently and • Propulsion motor with a minimum of two power sources. • Propulsion control console The motors run at optimum efficiency across the entire • Automatic speed control speed range from silent mode through cruising speed. • Exciter control Ventilator and cooling units only come online at higher speeds, with their rotation speed and output precisely • Propulsion exciter current chopper aligned to the boat’s cooling requirements. • Propulsion armature current chopper With stepped switching of the armature and its dedicated • Static exciter converter (class 209 only) batteries, and with up to five speed ranges, each