Environmental Scan Report Loddon Mallee Region Environmental Scan Report: Loddon Mallee Region Table of contents 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................... 5 2. Purpose ............................................................................................................................................................. 5 3. Structure of document ..................................................................................................................................... 5 4. Environmental scan process .......................................................................................................................... 6 5. Regional Context .............................................................................................................................................. 6 6. Natural Environment ........................................................................................................................................ 9 6.1 Climate .............................................................................................................................................................. 10 6.1.1 Average Temperatures ..................................................................................................................................... 10 6.1.2 Rainfall .............................................................................................................................................................. 11 6.1.3 Climate Change ................................................................................................................................................ 15 6.2 Land Use .......................................................................................................................................................... 17 6.3 Bushfire Risk .................................................................................................................................................... 19 6.3.1 Bushfire prone areas ........................................................................................................................................ 20 6.4 Waterways ........................................................................................................................................................ 21 6.4.1 Floods ............................................................................................................................................................... 25 6.5 Geology ............................................................................................................................................................ 28 7. Built Environment ........................................................................................................................................... 33 7.1 Information and telecommunications ................................................................................................................ 33 7.2 Energy .............................................................................................................................................................. 35 7.2.1 Energy distribution ............................................................................................................................................ 35 7.2.2 Electricity .......................................................................................................................................................... 36 7.2.3 Solar and Wind ................................................................................................................................................. 39 7.2.4 Gas ................................................................................................................................................................... 40 7.2.5 Liquid fuels ....................................................................................................................................................... 41 7.3 Food, grocery and manufacturing .................................................................................................................... 41 7.3.1 Food supply chain ............................................................................................................................................ 42 7.4 Transport .......................................................................................................................................................... 43 7.4.1 Transport infrastructure .................................................................................................................................... 44 7.4.2 Roads ............................................................................................................................................................... 44 7.4.3 Rail .................................................................................................................................................................... 53 7.4.4 Air ..................................................................................................................................................................... 55 7.5 Water and wastewater ...................................................................................................................................... 55 7.5.1 Water ................................................................................................................................................................ 55 7.5.2 Emergency water supply points ....................................................................................................................... 60 7.5.3 Wastewater ....................................................................................................................................................... 60 7.6 Waste and recycling ......................................................................................................................................... 62 7.6.1 Landfill .............................................................................................................................................................. 62 7.6.2 Recycling .......................................................................................................................................................... 64 Page 2 of 123 Date: 14 September 2020 FINAL 2.0 Public Version Environmental Scan Report: Loddon Mallee Region 7.7 Government services ........................................................................................................................................ 64 7.7.1 Prisons and community correctional facilities................................................................................................... 64 7.7.2 Law courts ........................................................................................................................................................ 65 7.8 Emergency services ......................................................................................................................................... 66 7.8.1 Ambulance stations .......................................................................................................................................... 66 7.8.2 Police stations .................................................................................................................................................. 67 7.8.3 Fire stations, lookouts and refuges .................................................................................................................. 67 7.8.4 SES ................................................................................................................................................................... 74 7.8.5 Volunteer Coast Guard Flotillas ....................................................................................................................... 75 7.8.6 Emergency Coordination Facilities ................................................................................................................... 75 7.9 Other infrastructure assets and industries ........................................................................................................ 77 7.9.1 Infrastructure and industries ............................................................................................................................. 77 7.9.2 Dependencies ................................................................................................................................................... 78 7.9.3 Tourism infrastructure ....................................................................................................................................... 79 7.9.4 Cladding fire safety risk .................................................................................................................................... 79 8. Social Environment ........................................................................................................................................ 81 8.1 Population ......................................................................................................................................................... 81 8.1.1 Current population ...........................................................................................................................................