The ANU Undergraduate Research Journal Volume Six, 2014 The ANU Undergraduate Research Journal Volume Six, 2014 Published by ANU eView The Australian National University Acton ACT 2601, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at eview.anu.edu.au Email: [email protected] Web: aurj.anu.edu.au ISSN 1836-5331 (print) ISSN 1837-2872 (online) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover design and layout by ANU Press. Front cover art by Jen Fullerton, Grey areas, 2013. Photographed by David Paterson. Printed by Griffin Press. Opinions published in The ANU Undergraduate Research Journal do not necessarily represent those of The Australian National University, or the Editors. This edition © 2015 ANU eView. Contents Foreword . vii From the editors . ix About the editors . xi About the authors . xiii Cover art . xix A man of many names: An archival insight into the life of the convict Sheik Brown . 1 Daniel McKay Report on The Undergraduate Awards Global Summit . 13 Daniel McKay The Australian woman movement, 1880–1914: Sexuality, marriage and consent . 15 Rebecca Preston Women and textile manufacture in classical Athens . 23 Sarah Muller Refugees, citizens and the nation‑state: Unrecognised anomalies and the need for new political imaginaries . 37 Katja Theodorakis The securitisation of aid and the associated risks to human security and development . 49 Kari Pahlman Globalisation and state power: The question of context . 63 Duc Dao Police violence as the greatest threat to public security: Gendarmerie in Brazil and Mexico . 73 Dilini Fernando A critical examination of the idea of evidence‑based policymaking . 83 Kari Pahlman The legal utility of performative practices: The case of Hong Kong . 95 Sherwood Du Whither Japan’s Heisei reforms? A systems approach to analysing legal changes in Japan . 109 Sarah Xin Yi Chua Towards a ‘broadened narrow’: Revaluating the change of position defence in Australian restitution law . 127 Derek M . Bayley Criminal minds: The influence of the monoamine oxidase A genotype and environmental stressors on aggressive behaviour . 143 Sophie E . Taylor Evaluation of headphone effects on performance in the LiSN & Learn auditory training software . 147 Chi Yhun Lo, Harvey Dillon, Sharon Cameron, and Catherine M . McMahon PyScholarGraph: A graph‑based framework for indexing, searching and visualising relationships between academic papers . 161 Nicholas Crouch and David M .W . Powers Grey areas: Formal properties in the perception of sculpture . 175 Jen Fullerton Foreword At The Australian National University (ANU), research is central to everything we do. Our research-led educational offerings provide undergraduate students the opportunity to embrace their curiosity and explore some of the most important questions facing society. Importantly, The ANU Undergraduate Research Journal, published annually by ANU Press, gives our most exceptional students the opportunity to share their work with the wider academic community. The 2014 edition of the Journal reflects the important role ANU plays as the national university by opening up its pages to the work of undergraduate students from across the nation. The selection of topics in this edition offers the journal’s readers an interesting journey through the expanse of undergraduate research occurring across Australia. The journal’s commitment to showcasing a diverse range of interdisciplinary research is reflective of the value ANU places on its interdisciplinary approach to both research and education. I congratulate the authors and editors of this year’s journal on the high quality of their work and their contribution to advancing research in Australia. Professor Ian Young AO Vice-Chancellor and President The Australian National University vii From the editors It was a pleasure to edit the manuscripts in Volume Six of The ANU Undergraduate Research Journal (AURJ) for 2014. Readers will discover an impressive range and depth of articles, both in terms of disciplinary content and geographical relevance, including contributions focusing on law reform in Japan, the influence of genetics on human behaviour, and military violence in Brazil and Mexico. We are also delighted to include a visual arts exegesis by Jen Fullerton, whose work is featured on the cover of this volume. This year the articles were selected via two processes. Some were selected by the review committee for the third Australasian Conference of Undergraduate Research, held at ANU in September 2014. Others were highly commended papers from the international 2014 Undergraduate Awards. As a result, this volume represents the best undergraduate research not only from ANU, but from other Australian universities as well. The quality of these articles reflects the high standard of research supervision at Australian universities, and the capacity of students to undertake interesting and worthwhile research early in their careers. The publication of AURJ is an opportunity to showcase the excellent research of these students, while giving undergraduate students a chance to publish their written work early in their careers, whatever direction they may choose following their studies. We thank those who have been involved in the preparation of this journal. Thank you to all of the contributing authors for their submissions, and for collaborating with us during the editing process. We particularly acknowledge the contribution and guidance of Dierdre Pearce from the Division of Student Life. We also thank ANU Press for their advice and expertise, and Vice-Chancellor Professor Ian Young and Pro Vice-Chancellor (Student Experience) Professor Richard Baker for their ongoing support for AURJ. We hope the readers enjoy this compilation as much as we did. Jonathon Zapasnik and Alexandra Hogan AURJ 2014 Editorial Team ix About the editors Alexandra Hogan Alexandra is a PhD candidate in the Research School of Population Health at ANU. With an undergraduate background in mathematics, Alexandra is now applying her quantitative skills to developing mathematical models for the transmission of respiratory infections in young children. Alexandra is also a part-time learning adviser at the ANU Academic Skills and Learning Centre. Alexandra is a committee member of the Australia and New Zealand Industrial and Applied Mathematics division, and a founding member of the Asia Pacific Consortium of Mathematics for Industry. Email: [email protected] Jonathon Zapasnik Jonathon is a PhD candidate in the School of Literature, Languages and Linguistics at ANU. His research examines the representation of intimacy in HIV/AIDS life writing, focusing on writers from Australia and the United States of America. Jonathon has taught undergraduate courses in English and Gender Studies and is now a part-time learning adviser at the ANU Academic Skills and Learning Centre. He is an Associate Fellow of the Higher Education Academy (AFHEA). Jonathon has a co-authored a piece published in Australian Humanities Review and he is a contributor to The Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Gender and Sexuality Studies (forthcoming 2015). Email: [email protected] xi About the authors Derek M . Bayley Derek is a 2014 ANU graduate, receiving a combined Bachelor of Arts/Laws (Honours), with First Class Honours in Law and majors in Arabic and German. Derek currently works in the Netherlands as the 2015 Peter Nygh Intern to the Hague Conference on Private International Law, and he will soon join Linklaters LLP as a solicitor in London. Derek’s primary research interests include private international law, comparative law, corporate and commercial law and restitution. Email: [email protected] Sharon Cameron In 2006, Dr Sharon Cameron was awarded a National Health and Medical Research Council Fellowship to investigate the diagnosis and remediation of central auditory processing disorders (CAPD) in children. This work led to the development of the LiSN-S test and the LiSN & Learn auditory training software for spatial processing disorder. She has worked at the National Acoustic Laboratories since 2005, currently as a Senior Research Scientist. Her current work includes investigations into dichotic processing and the relationship between auditory resolution and neural oscillations. Email: [email protected] Sarah Xin Yi Chua Sarah graduated from ANU with First Class Honours in Law in 2014, achieving the best result for a comparative law course. She is a published writer with research interests in law, philosophy and public policy. During her undergraduate degree, she also assisted in pro bono work and in running a social enterprise on campus. Email: [email protected] xiii The ANU Undergraduate Research Journal Nicholas Crouch Nicholas is a graduate of the Bachelor of Science Extended Program for High Achievers at Flinders University with an extended major in computer science. The paper in this volume was submitted as part of the coursework component of the Honours year in that program. Email: [email protected] Duc Dao Duc is an international student in the third year of a Bachelor of International Relations at ANU. His primary area of academic interest is political economy, especially in the Asia Pacific. He is looking to complete Honours in International Relations next year. Email: [email protected]