South Dakota State University Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange Theses and Dissertations 2017 Using Remote Sensing to Estimate Crop Water Use to Improve Irrigation Water Management Arturo Reyes-Gonzalez South Dakota State University Follow this and additional works at: http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd Part of the Agriculture Commons, Bioresource and Agricultural Engineering Commons, Remote Sensing Commons, and the Water Resource Management Commons Recommended Citation Reyes-Gonzalez, Arturo, "Using Remote Sensing to Estimate Crop Water Use to Improve Irrigation Water Management" (2017). Theses and Dissertations. 1708. http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd/1708 This Dissertation - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. USING REMOTE SENSING TO ESTIMATE CROP WATER USE TO IMPROVE IRRIGATION WATER MANAGEMENT BY ARTURO REYES-GONZÁLEZ A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy Major in Biological Science South Dakota State University 2017 iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Thank God for blessing me I would like to express my sincere appreciation to Dr. Jeppe Kjaersgaard for his help, guidance, and comments contributed to the quality of this dissertation. I also thank to my graduate committee members, Drs. Todd Trooien, Christopher Hay, and Laurent Ahiablame for their guidance and comments to improve the quality of my dissertation. I would also like to thank Mike Schmidt for his cooperation in providing the field site. Also thank Ryan Vanderleest and Nathan Edwards for providing meteorological datasets. Much thanks to the National Council for Science and Technology of México (CONACYT) and the National Institute of Forestry, Agriculture, and Livestock Research (INIFAP) for funding my doctoral scholarship. Additional funding was provided by the South Dakota Experiment Station and the South Dakota Water Resource Institute, thank you. Special thanks to my wife, Maria, daughter, Jenny, son, Jesus, for their invaluable patience, support, and love during my studies. I want to thank my mom Lucina and my sister Fanny for their prayers and love. iv TABLE OF CONTENT ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................... iii ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................... x LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................... xiii LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................... xx ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................... xxii CHAPTER 1: General Introduction ............................................................................... 1 1.1 Evapotranspiration ............................................................................................... 1 1.2 The METRIC Model ............................................................................................ 3 1.3 Vegetation Indices ................................................................................................ 5 1.4 Objectives ............................................................................................................. 6 1.5 Dissertation Organization ..................................................................................... 6 1.6 Dissertation Contributions.................................................................................... 7 1.7 Importance and implications of the dissertation .................................................. 7 1.8 References ............................................................................................................ 8 CHAPTER 2: Comparative Analysis of METRIC Model and Atmometer Methods for Estimating Actual Evapotranspiration ................................................................... 13 2.1 Abstract .............................................................................................................. 13 2.2 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 14 2.3 Material and Methods......................................................................................... 18 v 2.3.1 Study Area .................................................................................................. 18 2.3.2 Landsat Images ........................................................................................... 19 2.3.3 METRIC Model .......................................................................................... 21 2.3.4 Meteorological Data.................................................................................... 24 2.3.5 Atmometers ................................................................................................. 25 2.3.6 Development of Crop Coefficient (Kc) Curves ........................................... 26 2.3.7 Statistical Analysis between ETa-METRIC and ETa-atm. .......................... 27 2.4 Results and Discussion ....................................................................................... 28 2.4.1 Precipitation and Reference Evapotranspiration (ETr) ............................... 28 2.4.2 Development of Crop Coefficient (Kc) Curves ........................................... 30 2.4.3 ETa Maps and variation of ETa throughout the growing season ................. 32 2.4.4 ETa Correlations between the METRIC Model and Atmometer ................ 35 2.4.5 ETa Differences between the METRIC Model and Atmometer ................. 37 2.4.6 Hourly Wind Speed at Three Sites.............................................................. 41 2.5 Conclusions ........................................................................................................ 43 2.6 References .......................................................................................................... 44 CHAPTER 3: Assessing the Relationship between Leaf Area Index, Surface Temperature, and Actual Evapotranspiration Estimated using the Remote Sensing- based METRIC model and in-situ Measurements ....................................................... 54 3.1 Abstract .............................................................................................................. 54 vi 3.2 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 54 3.3 Material and Methods......................................................................................... 58 3.3.1 Study Area .................................................................................................. 58 3.3.2 Landsat Images ........................................................................................... 60 3.3.3 METRIC Model .......................................................................................... 61 3.3.4 Meteorological Data.................................................................................... 62 3.3.5 In Situ Measurements ................................................................................. 63 3.3.6 Statistical Analysis between METRIC Model and in situ Measurements .. 65 3.4 Results and discussion ........................................................................................ 66 3.4.1 Precipitation and Soil Water Content ......................................................... 66 3.4.2 LAI Maps, Relationship and Comparison of LAI between the METRIC model and AccuPAR................................................................................................. 67 3.4.3 Ts Maps, Relationship and Comparison of Surface Temperature between METRIC and Infrared Thermometer. ....................................................................... 73 3.4.4 ETa Maps, Crop Coefficient, Relationship and Comparison of ETa between METRIC and Atmometer ......................................................................................... 77 3.5 Conclusions ........................................................................................................ 82 3.6 References .......................................................................................................... 84 CHAPTER 4: Comparison of Actual Evapotranspiration Estimated with Energy Balance and Vegetation Index Methods ....................................................................... 96 4.1 Abstract .............................................................................................................. 96 vii 4.2 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 97 4.3 Material and Methods....................................................................................... 100 4.3.1 Study Area ................................................................................................ 100 4.3.2 Landsat Images ......................................................................................... 102 4.3.3 Pixel selection ..........................................................................................