NATIONAL CHEMICALS PROFILE OF THE REPUBLIC OF MAURITIUS February 2014 National Priorities for the Sound Management of Chemicals: Phased Plan of Action, Economic Analysis and Mainstreaming Road Map National Chemicals Profile of the Republic of Mauritius ContactContact point responsible point responsible for this forNational this Action Chemicals Plan Profile Full name of institution Ministry of Health and Quality of Life (MoHQL) Contact person Dr. I. Boodhoo (SAICM Focal Point; SAICM National Project Director) E-mail address [email protected] [email protected] Telephone number (230) 211 2847 (office) (230) 5250 1971 (work mobile) Fax number (230) 211 9928 Website of institution http://health.gov.mu/ Table of Contents Chapter Description Page 1 NATIONAL BACKGROUND INFORMATION 17 1.1 PHYSICAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC CONTEXT 17 1.1.1 Regions of Mauritius 18 1.2 ADMINISTRATION AND POLITICAL STRUCTURE 19 1.3 REGIONAL STRUCTURE AND INTEGRATION 19 1.3.1 Rodrigues and Outer Islands 19 (a) Rodrigues 19 (b) Agalega 20 (c) St Brandon 20 1.3.2 Regional Cooperation 20 1.4 MAIN ECONOMIC SECTORS 20 1.4.1 Agricultural sector 21 1.4.2 Sea-food hub sector 21 1.4.3 Services Sector 22 1.4.4 Industrial sector 22 1.5 EMPLOYMENT 23 2 CHEMICAL PRODUCTION, TRADE, TRANSPORT, USE AND DISPOSAL 26 2.1 CHEMICAL PRODUCTION, IMPORTS AND EXPORTS 26 2.1.1 Chemical Production 26 2.1.2 Chemical Imports 27 2.1.3 Classification of chemicals 27 2.1.4 Importers’ profile 28 2.1.5 Categories of imported chemicals 29 (a) Pesticides (Agricultural) 30 (b) Pesticides (Public health) 30 (c) Pesticides (Consumer use) 30 (d) Fertilisers 30 (e) Petroleum products 31 (f) Industrial chemicals 32 (g) Consumer chemicals 32 (h) Miscellaneous chemicals 32 2.1.6 Chemical exports 33 2.2 TRANSPORT AND DISTRIBUTION OF CHEMICALS 33 2.2.1 Chemicals within the port areas 34 2.2.2 Logistics available within the airport premises 35 2.2.3 Road transportation of chemicals 35 2.3 USES OF CHEMICALS 36 2.3.1 Uses of chemicals by categories 36 (a) Agrochemicals 37 (b) Non-agricultural pesticides 37 (c) Petroleum products 38 01 National Chemicals Profile (d) Industrial chemicals 38 2.4 CHEMICAL WASTES 38 2.4.1 Characterisation of wastes 38 2.4.2 Impacts of chemical wastes 39 2.4.3 Chemical wastes in Mauritius 39 (a) POPs as wastes 41 2.4.4 Available disposals options 41 (a) Mare Chicose Sanitary Landfill 42 (b) Medical wastes incinerators 42 (c) Wastewater Treatment Plants 42 (d) Other disposal options 42 2.5 SUMMARY OF LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF CHEMICALS 43 2.6 RECOMMENDATIONS 55 2.6.1 Implementing new activities for trade & registration of chemicals 55 2.6.2 Preventive approaches related to the uses & storage of chemicals 55 2.6.3 Better management for the transport & distribution of chemicals 56 2.6.4 Further implications on uses of chemicals 56 2.6.5 Addressing matters for disposals of chemicals 57 3 IMPACTS AND CHALLENGES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF CHEMICALS 58 3.1 ENVIRONMENTAL, HUMAN HEALTH AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS 58 3.1.1 Impacts on environment 58 (a) Air Pollution 58 (b) Water Pollution 59 (c) Soil Pollution 60 3.1.2 Impacts on health 61 3.1.3 Chemical residues in foods 62 3.1.4 Chemicals affecting workers’ health 63 3.1.5 Socio-economic impacts 65 (a) Financial implications 65 (b) Work-related performance implications 65 (c) Personal and other implications 66 3.1.6 Socio-economic impacts in Mauritius 66 (a) Financial implications 66 (b) Work-related implications 66 (c) Social implications 67 (i) Drugs of abuse 67 (ii) Misuse of chemicals 67 (d) Other implications 68 (i) School attendance 68 (ii) Lack of knowledge 68 3.2 CHALLENGES TO MANAGE CHEMICALS 68 3.3 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 72 3.3.1 Development of Registers & Databases 72 3.3.2 Studies of the impacts on chemicals on the environment 72 3.3.3 Studies of the impacts of chemicals on human health 73 3.3.4 Greater consideration for Occupational Safety & Health 73 3.3.5 Understanding of negative impacts of chemicals in society 74 3.3.6 Quantification of economic impacts due to chemicals 74 4 LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF CHEMICALS 75 4.1 OVERVIEW OF LEGAL INSTRUMENTS TO MANAGE CHEMICALS 75 4.1.1 Dangerous Chemicals Control Act (DCCA) 75 (a) Issue of Permits and Licenses 76 (b) Chemical substances covered 77 (c) Administration and Enforcement 77 4.1.2 Environment Protection Act 2002 79 February 2014 02 4.1.3 Occupational Safety & Health Act (OSHA) 2005 79 4.1.4 Ports Act 1998 81 4.1.5 Road Traffic Act 81 4.1.6 Dangerous Drugs Act 2001 82 4.1.7 Pharmacy Act 2004 82 4.1.8 Chemical Weapons Convention Act 2003 82 4.1.9 Explosives Act 1959 83 4.1.10 Chemical Fertilisers Control Act 1978 83 4.1.11 Inflammable Liquids and Substances Act 1952 83 4.1.12 Consumer Protection Act 1991 84 4.1.13 Food Act 1998 84 4.2 SUMMARY OF KEY LEGAL INSTRUMENTS TO MANAGE CHEMICALS 85 4.3 RESTRICTED CHEMICALS 85 4.4 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 86 4.4.1 Review and update of key legislation 86 4.4.2 Greater emphasis on consumer Protection 87 4.4.3 Strengthened Regulatory framework 87 5 GOVERNMENTAL INSTITUTIONS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF CHEMICALS 88 5.1 RESPONSIBILITIES OF MINISTRIES AND OTHER GOVERNMENTAL INSTITUTIONS TO MANAGE CHEMICALS 88 5.1.1 Ministry of Health and Quality of Life (MoHQL) 89 5.1.2 Dangerous Chemicals Control Board 89 5.1.3 Occupational Health Unit 90 5.1.4 Government Analyst Division (GAD) 91 5.1.5 Public Health and Food Safety Inspectorate 92 5.1.6 Communicable Diseases Control Unit (CDCU) 92 5.1.7 Pharmacy Board 93 5.1.8 Prime Minister’s Office (PMO) 93 (a) Maurice Ile Durable Commission 93 (b) Mauritius Police Force 93 (c) Forensic Science Laboratory (FSL) 93 5.1.9 Ministry of Energy & Public Utilities 94 (a) Central Water Authority (CWA) 94 (b) Wastewater Management Authority 94 (c) Radiation Protection Authority (RPA) 94 5.1.10 Ministry of Finance and Economic Development (MoFED) 95 5.1.11 Ministry of Public Infrastructure, Land Transport and Shipping 95 (a) Mauritius Ports Authority 95 (b) National Transport Authority 96 5.1.12 Ministry of Agro Industry and Food Security (MoAIFS) 96 (a) Agricultural Research and Extension Unit (AREU) 97 (b) Mauritius Cane Industry Authority (MCIA) 97 5.1.13 Ministry of Environment & Sustainable Development (MoESD) 98 5.1.14 Ministry of Local Government and Outer Islands (MoLGOI) 100 (a) Mauritius Fire and Rescue Service (MFRS) 100 5.1.15 Ministry of Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment (MoLIRE) 101 5.1.16 Ministry of Industry, Commerce & Consumer Protection 102 (a) Mauritius Standards Bureau 102 (b) Assay Office 103 5.1.17 Ministry of Civil Service & Administrative Reforms. 103 5.2 SUMMARY DESCRIPTION OF MINISTERIAL AUTHORITIES & MANDATES 104 5.3 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 105 5.3.1 More emphasis on SMC 105 5.3.2 Complementary responsibilities 105 5.3.3 More collaboration 106 6 ROLE OF CIVIL SOCIETY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CHEMICALS 107 6.1 ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS 107 6.1.1 University of Mauritius 107 (a) UoM’s role on SMC issues 108 03 National Chemicals Profile (b) As an education / training provider 108 (c) As a service provider 108 6.2 RESEARCH INSTITUTES 109 6.2.1 Mauritius Cane Industry Authority (MCIA) 109 6.2.2 Mauritius Oceanography Institute 109 6.2.3 Centre for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research 109 6.2.4 Mauritius Research Council 110 6.2.5 Industry Groups 110 (a) APEXHOM 110 (b) Croplife Mauritius 110 (c) Individual Service Providers 110 6.3 NON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS (NGOs) 111 6.3.1 Pesticide Action Network Mauritius (PANeM) 111 6.4 CONSUMER GROUPS 111 6.4.1 Association des Consommateurs de l’Ile Maurice (ACIM) 111 6.4.2 Institute of Consumer Protection (ICP)6-113 6.5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 112 6.5.1 Need for adequate training & education 112 6.5.2 Contribution of the private sector 112 6.5.3 More emphasis for research activities 113 6.5.4 Greater involvement of the Civil Society 113 7 INTER-MINISTERIAL COORDINATING MECHANISMS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF CHEMICALS 114 7.1 OVERVIEW OF INTER-MINISTERIAL COORDINATING MECHANISMS 114 7.1.1 Dangerous Chemicals Advisory Council (DCAC) 115 7.1.2 Dangerous Chemicals Control Board (DCCB) 116 7.1.3 Role of the DCCB 116 7.1.4 Achievements of the DCCB 117 7.1.5 Enforcement Agencies 118 7.2 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 119 7.2.1 Review of the Coordination Mechanisms under DCCA 119 7.2.2 More emphasis on coordination mechanisms for SMC 119 8 NATIONAL DATA AND INTERNATIONAL LINKAGES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF CHEMICALS 120 8.1 AVAILABILITY OF DATA FOR CHEMICAL MANAGEMENT 120 8.2 LOCATION OF NATIONAL DATA 121 8.3 INTERNATIONAL COMMITMENTS ON THE MANAGEMENT OF CHEMICALS 123 8.3.1 Membership of International Organisations 123 8.4 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 125 8.4.1 Greater emphasis on data management 125 8.4.2 Underpinning international commitments 125 9 TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF CHEMICALS 126 9.1 OVERVIEW OF AVAILABLE LABORATORY INFRASTRUCTURE 126 9.1.1 Chemical laboratories in the public sector 127 9.1.2 Technical capacities of public laboratories 130 9.2 OVERVIEW OF TECHNICAL TRAINING AND EDUCATION 132 9.2.1 University education 132 9.2.2 The University of Mauritius 132 9.2.3 University of Technology Mauritius (UTM) 133 9.3 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 133 9.3.1 Recognising the importance of chemical-testing laboratories 133 9.3.2 Formulation of a National policy on scientific laboratories 134 9.3.3 Improving the status of scientific and technical education 135 10 AWARENESS AND UNDERSTANDING OF WORKERS AND THE PUBLIC ON THE MANAGEMENT OF CHEMICALS 136 February 2014 04 10.1 AWARENESS-RAISING ACTIVITIES