FLEXPUB New Generation of flexible public services – the geospatial case JOEP CROMPVOETS (KU Leuven) – MAXIM CHANTILLON (KU Leuven) – ANTHONY SIMONOFSKI (KU Leuven / UNamur) – THOMAS TOMBAL (UNamur) – RINK KRUK (National Geographic Institute) – GEERT BOUCKAERT (KU Leuven) – MONIQUE SNOECK (KU Leuven) – NAJI HABRA (UNamur) – BENOȊT VANDEROSE (UNamur) – CÉCILE DE TERWANGNE (UNamur) – INGRID VANDEN BERGHE (National Geographic Institute) Axis 4: Federal public strategies Project BR/154/A4/FLEXPUB – New generation of flexible public services – the geospatial case NETWORK PROJECT FLEXPUB New Generation of flexible public services – the geospatial case Contract - BR/154/A4/FLEXPUB FINAL REPORT PROMOTORS: GEERT BOUCKAERT (KU Leuven) JOEP CROMPVOETS (KU Leuven) MONIQUE SNOECK (KU Leuven) NAJI HABRA (UNamur) BENOȊT VANDEROSE (UNamur) CÉCILE DE TERWANGNE (UNamur) I NGRID VANDEN BERGHE (National Geographic Institute) AUTHORS: JOEP CROMPVOETS (KU Leuven) MAXIM CHANTILLON (KU Leuven) ANTHONY SIMONOFSKI (KU Leuven / UNamur) THOMAS TOMBAL (UNamur) RINK KRUK (National Geographic Institute) GEERT BOUCKAERT (KU Leuven) MONIQUE SNOECK (KU Leuven) NAJI HABRA (UNamur) BENOȊT VANDEROSE (UNamur) CÉCILE DE TERWANGE (UNamur) I NGRID VANDEN BERGHE (National Geographic Institute) BRAIN-be (Belgian Research Action through Interdisciplinary Networks) 2 Project BR/154/A4/FLEXPUB – New generation of flexible public services – the geospatial case Published in 2020 by the Belgian Science Policy Office WTCIII Simon Bolivarlaan 30 Boulevard Simon Bolivar B-1000 Brussels Belgium Tel: +32 (0)2 238 34 11 - Fax: +32 (0)2 230 59 12 http://www.belspo.be http://www.belspo.be/brain-be Contact Person: Mrs. Emmanuèle Bourgeois Tel: +32 (0)2 238 34 94 Neither the Belgian Science Policy Office nor any person acting on behalf of the Belgian Science Policy Office is responsible for the use which might be made of the following information. The authors are responsible for the content. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without indicating the reference: Joep Crompvoets, Maxim Chantillon, Anthony Simonofski, Thomas Tombal, Rink Kruk, Geert Bouckaert, Monique Snoeck, Naji Habra, Benoît Vanderose, Cécile De Terwangne, Ingrid Vanden Berghe. FLEXPUB – New Generation of flexible public services – the geospatial case. Final Report. Brussels : Belgian Science Policy Office 2020 – 110 p. (BRAIN-be – Belgian Research Action through Interdisciplinary Networks). BRAIN-be (Belgian Research Action through Interdisciplinary Networks) 3 Project BR/154/A4/FLEXPUB – New generation of flexible public services – the geospatial case TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT 7 1. INTRODUCTION 8 2. STATE OF THE ART AND OBJECTIVES 10 3. METHODOLOGY 13 4. SCIENTIFIC RESULTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 17 4.1. WORK PACKAGE 2: BASELINE MEASUREMENT .......................................................................... 17 4.1.1. Research Approach 17 4.1.2. COBIT Enablers 17 4.1.3. Research Results 18 4.1.4. Report 30 4.2. WORK PACKAGE 3: REQUIREMENTS FOR E-SERVICE DELIVERY ..................................................... 30 4.2.1. Research Approach 30 4.2.2. Research Results 32 4.2.3. Report 36 4.3. WORK PACKAGE 4: ENABLERS ............................................................................................... 36 4.3.1. Principles, policies and frameworks 37 4.3.2. Processes 39 4.3.3. Organisational structures 40 4.3.4. Culture, ethics and behaviour 43 4.3.5. Infrastructure 45 4.3.6. People, skills and competencies 47 4.3.7. Location-based data 49 4.3.8. Integration: Cross-cutting policy options 52 4.3.9. Risks and impact assessment 52 4.3.10. Report 52 4.4. WORK PACKAGE 5: CASE STUDIES .......................................................................................... 52 4.4.1. Case 1: BeSt Address 53 4.4.2. Case 2: Cadastral Information Exchange in Belgium 58 4.4.3. Case 3: Emergency Services in Belgium 64 4.4.4. Cross-case analysis 66 4.4.5. Report 67 4.5. WORK PACKAGE 6: STRATEGY FOR FLEXIBLE GEOSPATIAL E-SERVICES .......................................... 67 4.5.1. Strategy Development 67 4.5.2. Strategy Structure 67 BRAIN-be (Belgian Research Action through Interdisciplinary Networks) 4 Project BR/154/A4/FLEXPUB – New generation of flexible public services – the geospatial case 4.5.3. Strategy Implementation 69 4.5.4. Strategy Publication & Report 70 4.6. WORK PACKAGE 7: BLUEPRINT FOR AN ADAPTIVE AND INNOVATIVE GOVERNMENT ..................... 71 4.6.1. Blueprint Development 71 4.6.2. Blueprint Structure 72 4.6.3. Blueprint Implementation 74 4.6.4. Blueprint Publication & Report 75 4.7. WORK PACKAGE 8: TOOLKIT ................................................................................................. 75 4.7.1 Openness 76 4.7.2. Participation: UParticipate 78 4.7.3. Collaboration 80 4.7.4. Report 81 4.8. SIDE RESULTS ...................................................................................................................... 81 4.9. POLICY SUPPORT ................................................................................................................. 83 5. DISSEMINATION AND VALORISATION 85 5.1. VALORISATION ACTIVITIES .................................................................................................... 85 5.1.1. General Assembly I - Digital Innovation: Status of the Public Sector in Belgium (15/6/2017) 85 5.1.2. General Assembly II – A Strategy for Flexible Geospatial Public e-Services (18/11/2020) 86 5.1.3. Workshop I – Workshop on Co-Creation of Guidelines for an Open and Agile Administration (1/10/2018) 88 5.1.4. Workshop II – The Revised PSI Directive & Open Data (29/9/2019) 88 5.1.5. Workshop III – Workshop Federal Innovation Network (11/10/2019) 89 5.1.6. Workshop IV – Workshop Begeo 2020 and Geo-spatial awards (24/3/2020) 89 5.1.7. Extra event: Study day: PSI & Open Data (18/11/2020) 90 5.1.8. Presentations at Government Platforms 90 5.1.9. Follow-up Committee Meetings 91 5.1.10. Statement Document 92 5.2. DISSEMINATION ACTIVITIES ................................................................................................... 92 5.2.1. Project Website 92 5.2.2. Publications 92 5.2.3. Presentations for Professionals 92 5.2.4. Material for Lectures Notes 100 5.2.5. Other Relevant Dissemination Activities 100 BRAIN-be (Belgian Research Action through Interdisciplinary Networks) 5 Project BR/154/A4/FLEXPUB – New generation of flexible public services – the geospatial case 6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 103 7. REFERENCES 106 7.1. PEER REVIEWED ARTICLES..................................................................................................... 106 7.1.1. Year I 106 7.1.2. Year II 106 7.1.3. Year III 106 7.1.4. Year IV 106 7.2. OTHER PUBLICATIONS ........................................................................................................ 107 7.2.1. Year I 107 7.2.2. Year II 107 7.2.3. Year III 108 7.2.4. Year IV 109 BIBLIOGRAPHY 110 BRAIN-be (Belgian Research Action through Interdisciplinary Networks) 6 Project BR/154/A4/FLEXPUB – New generation of flexible public services – the geospatial case ABSTRACT The BELSPO BRAIN-be FLEXPUB research project (2016-2020) researched, during four years, how public (e-)services can be developed and how the federal government can stimulate and support public administrations in the development of those services. The research was limited to e-services presenting a geospatial orientation. Both theoretical and empirical/practical knowledge were obtained on the basis of the combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods; interviews, surveys, observations, case studies, and statistics, and test/use cases. A multi-disciplinary research approach, combining technological, legal and governance perspectives, led to the two-fold objective; (1) to create a federal Strategy for flexible geospatial public e-services and (2) to develop a federal Blueprint for enabling flexibility and innovation in the public sector, which goes also beyond the field of geographical e-services. The research project led to important societal and academic output, via continuous contacts with the public administrations and a strong embeddedness in the academic community. BRAIN-be (Belgian Research Action through Interdisciplinary Networks) 7 Project BR/154/A4/FLEXPUB – New generation of flexible public services – the geospatial case 1. INTRODUCTION Public administrations have a great need to innovate in the field of the services that they offer. On the one hand, public administrations face complex challenges and it is expected from them to foresee more and more tailor-made public services. On the other hand, the public organisations are limited by their resources and their knowledge. Therefore, it has become crucial to develop efficient and creative e-services which, moreover, are capable of adapting in a flexible way to the changing needs. In the context of this multidisciplinary research, two universities (KU Leuven and UNamur) and a federal institution (the National Geographic Institute) collaborated and studied how public e- services can be developed and how the Belgian federal government can stimulate and support the federal administration in offering public e-services which are adapted to the changing requirements. For practical purposes, the research has been limited to e-services presenting a geographical orientation in the implementation of a public policy. One can thereby think