Scholars' Mine Masters Theses Student Theses and Dissertations Fall 2017 Well log interpretation and 3D reservoir property modeling of Maui-B field, arT anaki Basin, New Zealand Aziz Mennan Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/masters_theses Part of the Petroleum Engineering Commons Department: Recommended Citation Mennan, Aziz, "Well log interpretation and 3D reservoir property modeling of Maui-B field, arT anaki Basin, New Zealand" (2017). Masters Theses. 7722. https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/masters_theses/7722 This thesis is brought to you by Scholars' Mine, a service of the Missouri S&T Library and Learning Resources. This work is protected by U. S. Copyright Law. Unauthorized use including reproduction for redistribution requires the permission of the copyright holder. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WELL LOG INTERPRETATION AND 3D RESERVOIR PROPERTY MODELING OF THE MAUI-B FIELD, TARANAKI BASIN, NEW ZEALAND by AZIZ MENNAN A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the MISSOURI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF SCIENCE IN PETROLEUM ENGINEERING 2017 Approved by Dr. Ralph E. Flori, Advisor Dr. Kelly Liu Dr. Mingzhen Wei Copyright 2017 AZIZ MENNAN All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Maui-B is one of the largest hydrocarbon–producing fields in the Taranaki Basin. Many previous works have estimated reservoir volume. This study uses 3D property modeling, which is one of the most powerful tools to characterize lithol- ogy and reservoir fluids distribution through the field. This modeling will help in understanding the reservoir properties and enhancing the production by selecting the best location for future drilling candidates. In this study, 3D seismic, core, and well log data were used to build and define a structural model, facies analysis, and petrophysical parameters. After well log interpretation and petrophysical parameter calculations, each parameter was upscaled. Then, geostatistical methods, including Gaussian simulation, variogram, and Monte Carlo simulation, were used to build a 3D property model. A thousand 3D models were constructed and performed for each parameter; the outputs were implemented into Monte Carlo simulation, which is a highly reliable method regarding accuracy to calculate the mean of each parameter. Then, the volume of the reservoir was estimated. In this study, integration of seis- mic interpretation and well logs defined the depth and thickness of the hydrocarbon reservoir through the field. Gamma ray, spontaneous potential, and caliper logs were used for depth correlation and identifying permeable zones. As a result, five different lithofacies, where sandstone and claystone distribution have the significant impact on reservoir quality were identified. The matrix identification (MID) method was used for porosity correction, which showed effective porosity ranges of 15–25%. Moreover, permeability was estimated as 79–3700 mD, where all results were calibrated using available core data. Furthermore, 9% to 40% water saturation was estimated using the resistivity logs and core data. Finally, oil and gas in place were estimated. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my gratitude to my advisor, Dr. Ralph E. Flori, for his guidance and support. I would also like to thank my committee members, Dr. Kelly Liu and Dr. Minghzen Wei, for their help and suggestions in completing my study. Sincere thanks to my father Fahri Mennan, my mother Ayse Mennan, and my sisters Azize Mennan, Elif Mennan. I would also like to thank to my uncle Isa Bal for his support to me all of my life; I am very lucky to have an uncle like him. I would also like to thank Aslihan Vuruskan, who supported to me during all of my graduate studies, and last I would like to thank my elementary school teacher Belgin Altug for teaching me to read and write and her support during all of my life. I am very grateful to Turkish Petroleum Corporation for funding my Master of Science study. I would also like to acknowledge New Zealand Petroleum and Minerals for providing data for my thesis study, and Mr. Aamer Alhakeem for sharing his study experiences and his support. I am honored to mention our first president Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, who supported younger generations for science and education every despite with limited facilities. I thank him everlasting. v DEDICATION Dedicated to my father, Fahri Mennan who helped me during my whole life with very limited opportunities and stood by me always unconditionally. My dear father, you were and will be always in my heart. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS...................................................... iv DEDICATION................................................................. v LISTOFILLUSTRATIONS................................................... ix LISTOFTABLES............................................................. xi SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION.......................................................... 1 1.1 OVERVIEW OF THE TARANAKI BASIN .............. 1 1.2LOCATIONOFTHESTUDYAREA................. 2 1.3HISTORYOFTHEMAUIFIELD................... 5 1.4AIMOFTHESTUDY.......................... 5 2 REGIONALGEOLOGY................................................... 9 2.1 GEOLOGICAL SETTING AND TECTONIC HISTORY ....... 9 2.2GEOLOGICALSTRATIGRAPHY................... 11 3 DATAANDSOFTWARE.................................................. 13 3.1SEISMICDATA............................. 13 3.2WELLDATA............................... 13 3.3COREDATA............................... 13 3.4SOFTWARE............................... 13 vii 3.4.1 Kingdom Suite 2015 ....................... 14 3.4.2 Petrel2016............................ 14 3.4.3 Techlog 2015 ........................... 14 4 WELLLOGINTERPRETATION.......................................... 15 4.1GAMMARAY(GR)LOG........................ 15 4.2SPONTANEOUSPOTENTIAL(SP)LOG............... 16 4.3 CALIPER LOG .............................. 17 4.4POROSITYLOGS............................ 17 4.4.1 DensityLog............................ 17 4.4.2 NeutronLog............................ 18 4.4.3 SonicLog............................. 18 4.5RESISTIVITYLOG........................... 18 5 PETROPHYSICAL ANALYSIS . ........................................... 21 5.1 FACIES ANALYSIS ........................... 21 5.2POROSITY................................ 25 5.2.1 PorosityCalculationusingCoreData.............. 25 5.2.2 PorosityCalculationusingWellLogData........... 26 5.3PERMEABILITY............................. 30 5.4WATERSATURATION......................... 32 5.5SHALEVOLUME............................ 34 5.6NET–TO–GROSSRATIO........................ 38 5.7 RESERVE ESTIMATION ........................ 39 6 3DPROPERTYMODELING.............................................. 42 6.1WELLLOGUPSCALING........................ 42 6.1.1 Discrete Logs Upscaling ..................... 42 viii 6.1.2 Continuous Logs Upscaling .................... 44 6.2 GEOSTATISTICAL ANALYSIS ..................... 47 6.2.1 VariogramAnalysis........................ 48 6.2.2 MonteCarloSimulation..................... 49 6.33DMODELING............................. 49 7 RESULTSANDDISCUSSION............................................. 59 8 CONCLUSIONS............................................................ 65 BIBLIOGRAPHY............................................................. 66 VITA.......................................................................... 69 ix LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1.1LocationofTaranakiBasin........................ 2 1.2LocationofMauiGasField....................... 3 1.3LocationofMauiAandBFields.................... 4 1.4WellLocations.............................. 7 1.5WorkflowoftheStudy.......................... 8 2.1 Taranaki Basin Location Between Australian Plate and Pacific Plate (8) 10 2.2 Kapuni Formations (11) ......................... 12 4.1ResistivityProfileinHydrocarbonFormation............. 19 4.2ResistivityProfileinNonhydrocarbonFormation........... 20 5.1Density-Neutron-GammaRayCrossplotinMaui-1Well........ 22 5.2Density-Neutron-GammaRayCrossplotinMaui-7Well........ 23 5.3Density-Neutron-GammaRayCrossplotinMB-P(8)Well....... 24 5.4Density-Neutron-GammaRayCrossplotinMB-R(1)Well....... 25 5.5Density-Neutron-GammaRayCrossplotinMB-W(2)Well...... 26 5.6PorosityMeasurementfromCoreDatabyLabExperiment...... 27 5.7PorosityCalculationusingDensityLog................. 31 5.8PermeabilityCalculationusingCoreData............... 33 5.9WaterSaturationCalculationusingArchie’sEquation......... 35 5.10 Shale Volume Calculation using Gamma Ray Log ........... 37 5.11Net-to-GrossRatioCalculationusingcutoffs.............. 41 6.1UpscaledFaciesLogsinFiveDifferentWellsinMaui-BField..... 43 6.2UpscaledPetrophysicalParameterLogsinMaui1Well........ 45 6.3UpscaledPetrophysicalParameterLogsinMaui7Well........ 46 6.43DFaciesLogWorkflow......................... 50 x 6.53DFaciesModel............................. 51 6.6 3D Petrophysical Parameters Modeling Workflow . ........ 54 6.7 3D Effective Porosity Model ....................... 55 6.8 3D Permeability Model .......................... 56 6.93DWaterSaturationModel....................... 57 6.103DNet-to-GrossRatioModel...................... 58 7.1 Oil and Gas Zones in Kapuni C Sand Formation ............ 60 7.2 Oil and Gas Zones in Kapuni D Sand Formation ............ 61 7.3 Porosity Calculations Comparison between Log Data and Core Data