PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI SEXUAL OBJECTIFICATION TOWARD HANNAH BAKER AND HER RESPONSES IN JAY ASHER’S THIRTEEN REASONS WHY AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By NARYNDA TIRTA KUSUMANINGRUM Student Number: 164214020 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2020 i PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI SEXUAL OBJECTIFICATION TOWARD HANNAH BAKER AND HER RESPONSES IN JAY ASHER’S THIRTEEN REASONS WHY AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By NARYNDA TIRTA KUSUMANINGRUM Student Number: 164214020 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2020 ii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI There is no force more powerful than a woman determined to rise. -Bosa Sebele vii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI For my mom, who empowers me to be a strong, independent woman my dad, who always ready to gives all he has for me and for my annoying brother, my forever frenemy. viii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am genuinely grateful to finish my study in the English Letters Department of Sanata Dharma University. Greatest thanks to the Almighty One, I know I am not alone in doing this. It is impossible I can accomplish my undergraduate thesis on my own. Hence, I would like to thank several people who have helped and supported me all this time. First, I would like to express my gratitude to my advisor, Sri Mulyani, Ph.D., for being very patient and effective in helping me write my undergraduate thesis and also my co-advisor, Hirmawan Wijanarka, M.Hum., whose inputs I truly appreciate. Next, I would like to thank my parents, Sunarto and Sri Wahyuni. Thank you for being the greatest parents on the planet earth, for all the love and supports, and thank you for always being there for me. My brother, Rigel, you are my support system, my reminder that I have to be successful so you can rely on me. My gratitude also goes to my beloved friends, Tata and Tasia, who always supported and accompanied me in writing this research. For Mbak Widya, my foodie in crime, thank you for being a big sister to me. Lastly, to all my friends whom I could not mention one by one, thank you for the joyful moments we shared. I will not forget it. Narynda Tirta Kusumaningrum ix PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE .................................................................................................... ii APPROVAL PAGE ......................................................................................... iii ACCEPTANCE PAGE .................................................................................... iv STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY .................................................................. v LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH .. vi MOTTO PAGE ............................................................................................... vii DEDICATION PAGE .................................................................................... viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .............................................................................. ix TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................... x ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................... xii ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................ xiii CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ..................................................................... 1 A. Background of the Study ........................................................................... 1 B. Problem Formulation ................................................................................. 3 C. Objectives of the Study ............................................................................. 3 D. Definition of Term .................................................................................... 3 CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE .................................................. 4 A. Review of Related Studies ......................................................................... 4 B. Review of Related Theories ....................................................................... 8 1. Theory of Objectification ....................................................................... 9 2. Feminist Theory: Sisterhood and Solidarity.......................................... 11 3. Radical Feminism ................................................................................ 13 C. Theoretical Framework ........................................................................... 16 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY ............................................................... 18 A. Object of the Study .................................................................................. 18 B. Approach of the Study ............................................................................. 19 x PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI C. Method of the Study ................................................................................ 21 CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS ............................................................................ 23 A. The Sexual Objectification toward Hannah Baker ................................... 23 1. Instrumentality ..................................................................................... 24 2. Reduction to Body ............................................................................... 27 3. Denial of Subjectivity .......................................................................... 29 B. Hannah Baker’s Responses toward Sexual Objectification She Received 31 1. Apathetic ............................................................................................. 31 2. Resistance ............................................................................................ 33 3. No rejection ......................................................................................... 36 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION ...................................................................... 39 REFERENCES ................................................................................................ 41 APPENDIX ...................................................................................................... 43 Appendix 1: Summary of Jay Asher’s Thirteen Reasons Why ......................... 43 xi PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRACT KUSUMANINGRUM, NARYNDA TIRTA. (2020). Sexual Objectification toward Hannah Baker and Her Responses in Jay Asher’s Thirteen Reasons Why. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Universitas Sanata Dharma. In the patriarchal society, a man places higher than a woman, and it creates gender inequality. Thus, gender inequality leads a woman to the issue of objectification. Objectification and feminism become the research object for the researcher to examine the sexual objectification received by Hannah Baker and her responses in the novel Thirteen Reasons Why (2007), a story written by Jay Asher. This novel depicted Hannah as a victim of male power. There are two objectives in this research. The first examines kinds of sexual objectification toward the female character Hannah Baker portrayed in the novel. The second discovers the responses of Hannah Baker toward the sexual objectification she received. There are several steps to achieve the objectives above. The approach used is the feminist approach. The theories used are objectification theory, feminist theory: sisterhood and solidarity, and radical feminism theory. First, close reading is applied for the primary sources, while sexual objectification toward Hannah is examined with the objectification theory. The second step analyzes Hannah’s responses in relation to the feminist theory: sisterhood and solidarity and radical feminism. The novel displays the example of traditional patriarchal gender and power relation. Hannah Baker’s relation with her male peers fulfill instrumentality, reduction to body, and denial of subjectivity. She shows three different responses to sexual objectification: apathetic, resistance, and no rejection. The lack of awareness toward sexual objectification makes her undertake an apathetic response. The realization that her value is reduced to a mere body makes her undertakes the resistance response. Lastly, the feeling of despair makes her undertakes the no rejection response. Moreover, the absence of sisterhood possibly becomes one of the reasons she gives up to provides resistance. Keywords: sexual objectification, radical feminism, Thirteen Reasons Why xii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRAK KUSUMANINGRUM, NARYNDA TIRTA. (2020). Sexual Objectification toward Hannah Baker and Her Responses in Jay Asher’s Thirteen Reasons Why. Yogyakarta: Program Studi Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Sanata Dharma. Dalam masyarakat patriarki, laki-laki ditempatkan lebih tinggi disbanding perempuan dan hal itu menimbulkan ketidaksetaraan gender. Dengan demikian, ketidaksetaraan gender membawa perempuan pada persoalan objektifikasi. Objektifikasi dan feminisme adalah objek peneliti untuk mengkaji objektifikasi seksual yang diterima oleh Hannah Baker dan responnya di dalam novel Thirteen Reasons Why (2007), sebuah cerita