Accession No.: 81-18 PROCESSING RECORD SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY ARCHIVES ______________________________________________________________________________ Hubbs, Carl Leavitt 1894-1979 Carl Leavitt Hubbs Papers, 1920-1979 PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: 276 boxes, digital video, slides (258 mss, 1/2 mss, 1/2 Lmss, 13 shoe boxes, 3 oversize) DESCRIPTION: Papers of Carl Leavitt Hubbs documenting his research in ichthyology, zoology, natural history, conservation, taxonomy, archaeology & paleoclimatology. The marine life series documents marine mammals & fish, arranged taxonomically. Includes photographs & films. The Hubbs Papers include correspondence, field notes, manuscripts, photographs, films, slides, audio tape recordings, newspaper clippings, data, references and other files generated by Carl Leavitt Hubbs, his wife and colleague Laura Clark Hubbs, his assistants and graduate students. The files include some personal and family material such as letters, photographs, and genealogical information, but consist predominantly of material documenting Carl Leavitt Hubbs' work as a naturalist and ichthyologist. Inclusive dates are 1860-1989, but the collection primarily consists of 1944-1979 material, the years that Hubbs worked at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Small quantities of material dated 1929-1944 document the years Hubbs spent at the Museum of Zoology at the University of Michigan. The collection contains material dated after Hubbs' death in 1979, representing work begun by Hubbs but completed by his colleagues, including Laura Clark Hubbs, Robert Rush Miller, Robert Wisner and others. The Hubbs Papers include the papers of individuals that Carl Leavitt Hubbs acquired over the years. For instance, when Hubbs arrived at SIO in 1944, he met Francis Bertody Sumner, who was retiring after a long career as a biologist at Scripps. After Sumner's death in l945, Hubbs disposed of Sumner's field notes and personal papers, but kept some material pertinent to his own research. For instance, Hubbs retained a field notebook entitled "F.B. Sumner Scripps Institution, La Jolla, California, Field Notes, 1939-1941" and added it to his papers in the Marine Life Series under the heading "Fishes: Western North America Freshwater, Localities: Great Basin, White River." Hubbs acquired some letters of Carl H. Eigenmann and Rosa Smith Eigenmann from their daughter when he wrote a biography of the latter. He filed these letters in the Subject Series under "Biographical Files: Eigenmann, Carl H." and "Biographical Files: Eigenmann, Rosa Smith." Hubbs was given some correspondence and field notes of SIO Diving Officer Conrad Limbaugh after Limbaugh's death in 1960. However, as he maintained the Limbaugh Papers in a file distinct from his own, the Limbaugh Papers were separated from the Hubbs Papers and accessioned as a separate collection in the SIO Archives. 81-18/2 The Hubbs Papers were maintained and organized by Laura Clark Hubbs. He determined file structure, headings and organization and she did the filing. Hubbs and others in his group depended upon Laura Hubbs to file and retrieve material from the Hubbs Papers. Over the years, Laura Hubbs was assisted in this work by a number of secretaries. In 1962, Elizabeth Noble Shor joined the Hubbs staff as Laboratory Helper. Elizabeth Shor's responsibilities eventually extended to the care of the files. When Shor became SIO Archivist and after Hubbs' death, she worked to some extent with Laura Hubbs to refine the arrangement of files in the Hubbs Papers. The Hubbs Papers are a very large collection arranged in an extremely complex manner. The files are divided into these series: Biographic Files, Manuscripts, Subject Files, Marine Life Files, Photographs, Films, Sound Recordings, Awards and Realia, Slides. Two of these series, the Subject Files and the Marine Life Files are divided into subseries. SERIES DESCRIPTION Biographic Files Series. 1912-1983 This series documents Carl Leavitt Hubbs' early life, education and career. The files include newspaper clippings, lists of awards and citations, curriculum vitae, genealogical information, biographies, and obituaries. Included is some correspondence. For instance, biographic files dated July-December 1944 include letters exchanged by Carl Leavitt Hubbs and Harald Ulrik Sverdrup discussing Hubbs' appointment at SIO. Manuscript Series. 1919-1977 This includes manuscripts of scientific papers and oral presentations by Carl Leavitt Hubbs. Undated papers are arranged alphabetically, followed by dated papers arranged chronologically. This series does not include manuscripts of every publication by Carl Leavitt Hubbs. Manuscripts of many of Hubbs scientific papers are filed in the Marine Life Series under the names of the species they describe. Original oversize figures for Hubbs manuscripts are stored in Hubbs oversize map cases. As Hubbs originally separated oversize figures from original manuscripts, there are no cross references from the original manuscript to oversize figures. Subject Files Series. 1881-1984 The Subject Series includes subject files arranged alphabetically. Subject headings include both direct and indirect headings. For instance, most of the material documenting Hubbs' participation in expeditions, cruises and field trips is filed under the heading Expeditions. However, material documenting his 1939 trip to Alaska as special investigator for the U.S. Department of the Interior is filed directly under the heading "Alaska, 1939." Marine Life Series. 1890-1990 The Marine Life Series includes field notes, observations and sightings, references, memoranda, counts and measurements of specimens, tag recovery data, expedition reports, colony census data, correspondence, manuscripts of papers, conference announcements and schedules and other 81-18/3 material documenting Hubbs' scientific work. These materials are filed under the name of the order, family, genus or species they concern. Items on a particular taxonomic unit are arranged within folders as follows: manuscripts, notes and data (arranged chronologically), photographs, references, newspaper clippings, and correspondence (arranged either chronologically or alphabetically). Fish units are numbered according to the "Alphabetical List of the Families of Fishes with their Group Numbers, After the Fish Division of the Museum of Zoology of the University of Michigan, Revised in April 1989." (see appendix at end of folder list) Files are arranged by group number within major geographic subseries: Fishes-World, Fishes-New World, Fishes-Atlantic, Fishes-Europe, Fishes- Asiatic Marine, Fishes-Indo-Pacific, Africa, Antarctica Fishes-Pelagic, Fishes-Middle American Freshwater, Fishes-South American Freshwater, Fishes-Eastern North American Freshwater, Western North American Freshwater and Hybrids. In order to locate a file on a specific species, one must first know its geographic location and its group number. Species names reflect the taxonomic order of the 1970's and have not been updated. Photographs Series. 1900-1980 This series is divided into several subseries: original prints, oversize prints, original negatives, lantern slides, and 35mm slides. Images are arranged chronologically within these subseries. All photographic images are stored with the Hubbs Papers except the 35mm slides which are filed in the SIO Archives slide cases under the accession number of the collection, 81-18. The Photographs Series does not contain all of the photographic images within the Hubbs Papers. Many original photographic prints are filed under the names of species in the Marine Life Series, and under the heading "Photographs" or under other headings in the Subject Files Series. Sound Recordings Series. 1950-1972 (21 recordings) Sound recordings are arranged chronologically. They include sound recordings made by Carl Leavitt Hubbs, recordings made by others and collected by Hubbs, and a few recordings of Hubbs. Films Series. 1955-1978 (22 films) Films are arranged chronologically. Awards and Realia Series. 1950-1978 The Awards and Realia Series includes a few objects, such as Carl Leavitt Hubbs' binoculars, plaques, certificates and other awards. These are arranged chronologically. The series does not include all certificates. Many certificates can be found in the Biographic Files Series filed under the name of Carl Leavitt Hubbs. 81-18/4 Slides Series 1964-1975 (481 2x2 slides) 481 slides from conferences and expeditions to Venezuela, Curacao, Canada, & Baja California. Includes Guadalupe Island, Bahia de los Angeles, Cedros Island, San Clemente Island, Santa Cruz Island, and Scammons Lagoon. In general, the Subject Series was designed to include files documenting Hubbs' faculty, consulting, committee and community work and subjects of general interest, while the Marine Life Series was designed to include files documenting his scientific research including field, laboratory and library work on specific species. There is, however, some overlap between these two large series. For instance, the Subject Series includes a heading entitled "Conservation/Preservation." This material includes references, reports, notes, correspondence and other papers on conservation and preservation of wildlife, and the creation and protection of parks, wetlands and preserves. The Subject Series includes a subseries on "Expeditions" that document Hubbs' expeditions and field trips, while the actual field notes and data resulting from those expeditions are filed under species headings in the Marine Life Series. Material