Government of the Republic of Serbia Ministry of Agriculture and Environmental Protection DRAFT WATER MANAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA The ˝Jaroslav Černi˝ Water Management Institute of Belgrade TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................................................... 1 2. NATURAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS ........................................................................................................ 3 2.1. NATURAL FACTORS ............................................................................................................................................ 3 2.1.1. GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION AND RELIEF ................................................................................................................. 3 2.1.2. CLIMATE AND METEOROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS ................................................................................................ 3 Air temperature ............................................................................................................................................... 3 Precipitation .................................................................................................................................................... 4 2.1.3. SURFACE WATER ............................................................................................................................................. 8 Hydrographical network and water classification .......................................................................................... 8 Basic indicators of the surface water regime .................................................................................................. 9 Bodies of surface water ................................................................................................................................. 13 2.1.4 GROUNDWATER ............................................................................................................................................. 14 Geological structure ...................................................................................................................................... 15 Groundwater bodies ...................................................................................................................................... 19 2.1.5. OTHER NATURAL FACTORS .............................................................................................................................. 20 Soil ................................................................................................................................................................. 20 Erosion and torrential processes ................................................................................................................... 27 Mineral raw materials ................................................................................................................................... 30 Biodiversity .................................................................................................................................................... 33 Protected areas of natural goods .................................................................................................................. 34 2.2. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC FACTORS .................................................................................................................. 36 2.2.1. DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS ............................................................................................................................ 36 Population ..................................................................................................................................................... 36 Settlements ................................................................................................................................................... 38 2.2.2. ECONOMIC FACTORS ...................................................................................................................................... 39 Gross Domestic Product ................................................................................................................................ 39 Other economic indicators ............................................................................................................................ 41 3. CURRENT SITUATION IN WATER MANAGEMENT ............................................................................. 44 3.1. SITUATION DEPENDING ON WATER SECTOR ACTIVITIES ........................................................ 44 3.1.1. WATER REGULATION AND USAGE .................................................................................................................. 44 Public drinking water supply ......................................................................................................................... 44 Industrial water supply .................................................................................................................................. 50 Irrigation ....................................................................................................................................................... 52 Hydropower ................................................................................................................................................... 54 Navigation ..................................................................................................................................................... 56 Fisheries and fish farming ............................................................................................................................. 57 Sport, recreation and tourism ....................................................................................................................... 58 3.1.2. WATER PROTECTION ................................................................................................................................... 62 Pressures and influences on water resources , from various sources of pollution ........................................ 62 Hydromorphological changes ....................................................................................................................... 72 Surface water quality and status of water bodies (surface water) ............................................................... 73 Groundwater quality and status of groundwater water bodies ................................................................... 81 3.1.3. REGULATION OF WATER FLOW AND PROTECTION AGAINST HARMFUL EFFECTS OF WATER ............................................. 87 Protection against fluvial flooding ................................................................................................................ 88 Regulation of waterflow................................................................................................................................ 96 Exploitation of materials from riverbeds ....................................................................................................... 96 Erosion and torrents ...................................................................................................................................... 96 Legend ........................................................................................................................................................... 98 Protection from inland water (drainage) ...................................................................................................... 98 3.1.4. REGIONAL AND MULTIPURPOSE HYDROSYSTEMS ................................................................................................100 2 Reservoirs ....................................................................................................................................................100 Regional systems for the supply of drinking water .....................................................................................102 Other regional and multi-purpose hydrosystems ........................................................................................103 3.2.CURRENT LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL SOLUTIONS AND FINANCING OF WATER MANAGEMENT .................106 3.2.1. LEGAL FRAMEWORK ................................................................................................................................106 Regulations governing the field of water ....................................................................................................106 Strategic and planning documents important for the water sector ............................................................110 3.2.2. INSTITUTIONAL SOLUTIONS .......................................................................................................................111 Existing institutional system and competences ...........................................................................................111 Capacities ....................................................................................................................................................115 3.2.3 ECONOMIC POLICY AND FINANCING OF WATER MANAGEMENT ..............................................................................116 Economic policy holders ..............................................................................................................................116