Daily Prelims Notes Compilation https://optimizeias.com/ Daily Prelims Notes (April,2020 Compilation) Santosh Sir All 6 Prelims qualified If I can do it, you can too [email protected], https://t.me/asksantoshsir P a g e | 1 OPTIMIZE IAS Daily Prelims Notes Compilation https://optimizeias.com/ Daily Prelims Notes (April, 2020 Compilation) Table of Contents History ......................................................................................................................................... 3 Geography ................................................................................................................................. 19 Indian Polity .............................................................................................................................. 36 Economics ................................................................................................................................. 64 General Science ....................................................................................................................... 144 Current Affairs ......................................................................................................................... 230 Government Schemes .............................................................................................................. 270 International Bodies................................................................................................................. 280 Mapping .................................................................................................................................. 299 P a g e | 2 OPTIMIZE IAS Daily Prelims Notes Compilation https://optimizeias.com/ History 1. Tabligi Jamaat Context: With at least 24 of its occupants testing positive for the novel coronavirus, an Islamiccentre in the national capital has turned out to be the latest hotspot of COVID19. Concept: Tablighi Jamaat literally the Outreach Society, is an Islamic missionary movement that focuses on urging Muslims to return to practising their religion during the lifetime of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and particularly in matters of ritual, dress and personal behaviour. It has been called "one of the most influential religious movements in 20th century Islam". Its roots lie in the Deobandi version of the Hanafi school of jurisprudence. It was launched by Deoband cleric and prominet Islamic scholar Maulana Muhammad Ilyas Khandhalaw in 1927 in Mewat. Its emergence also coincided with Hindu proselytising movements. Its stated primary aim is spiritual reformation of Islam by reaching out to Muslims across social and economic spectra and working at the grassroots level, to bring them in line with the group's understanding of Islam. P a g e | 3 OPTIMIZE IAS Daily Prelims Notes Compilation https://optimizeias.com/ 2. Chapekar Brother: Epidemic act Context: On March 11, the central government had asked states and Union territories to invoke the Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897 to ensure that the advisories from the Union Health ministry can be enforced in places affected by the COVID-19 outbreak. History of the 1897 Epidemic Diseases Act Back in 1896-97, the picture was different in many ways. The then Bombay Province of British India was one of the worst affected in the country by the Bubonic Plague and Pune or then Poona, saw thousands of deaths, mass exodus of people. In the early months of 1897, the epidemic had caused a havoc in Pune and the British government enacted the Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897 giving sweeping powers to government officials to search and inspect houses, detain people to be taken away and issue any orders to stop the spread of disease. A Special Plague Committees was established with ICS officer WC Rand as its head. While the law was a necessity, but the way British officers and soldiers implemented the Act was brutal and inhuman at times. In spite of voices raised at the time by people, including Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak, the practice continued. The anger among people led to Chapekar brothers assassinating Rand. On the night of June 22, 1897, three Chapekar brothers — Damodar, Balkrushna and Vasudeo — shot at Rand after he was returning along with his military escort from the celebration of Diamond Jubilee of coronation of Queen Victoria. Provisions of the 1897 Epidemic Diseases Act It empowers state governments/UTs to take special measures and formulate regulations for containing the outbreak. It also empowers state to prescribe such temporary regulations to be observed by the public or by any person or class of persons as it shall deem necessary to prevent the outbreak of such disease or the spread thereof. P a g e | 4 OPTIMIZE IAS Daily Prelims Notes Compilation https://optimizeias.com/ The state may determine in what manner and by whom any expenses incurred (including compensation if any) shall be defrayed. The State Government may take measures and prescribe regulations for the inspection of persons travelling by railway or otherwise, and the segregation, in hospital, temporary accommodation or otherwise, of persons suspected by the inspecting officer of being infected with any such disease. It also provides penalties for disobeying any regulation or order made under the Act. These are according to section 188 of the Indian Penal Code (Disobedience to order duly promulgated by public servant). It also gives legal protection to the implementing officers acting under the Act. P a g e | 5 OPTIMIZE IAS Daily Prelims Notes Compilation https://optimizeias.com/ 3. Nihangs Context: The brutal attack on an assistant sub-inspector and some others at a sabzi mandi in Patiala district by a group of men in Nihang attire shook Punjab. Concept: The Nihangs are armed Sikh warrior. Sixth Guru Hargobind constituted a special army comprising the Nihangs. Guru Gobind Singh, the 10th Sikh Guru gave them the special blue attire Originally led by Baba Phoola Singh with their centre in Amritsar, the Nihangs were made part of Maharaja Ranjit Singh’s battalion for their fighting prowess. Described as “the one who is Nirbhau (fearless)” by Guru Arjan Dev, the Nihangs still live life the traditional way. They are known for reciting the holy Jaapji Sahib Paath while performing the Gatka dance, a martial art form of the Sikhs. Nihangs were the original Akalis or followers of “Akal”, the Sikh temporal seat. They used to run the Akal Takht before the Akali Dal took over after a resolution was passed in 1925. Hence, the Nihangs are considered original Sikh Jathedars. Nihangs have many thriving gurdwaras across Punjab and mostly live on vast jagirs of these gurdwaras, also known as ‘Bagchi’. In spirit, they are considered the purest of the pure, because they are associated with the Sikh Guru, so they follow the Guru’s orders only. Singh Sabha Movement The Singh Sabha Movement was founded at Amritsar in 1873 with a two-fold objective (i) to make available modern western education to the Sikhs (ii) to counter the proselytising activities of Christian missionaries as well as the Brahmo Samajists, Arya Samajists and Muslim maulvis. For the first objective, a network of Khalsa schools was established by the Sabha throughout Punjab. In the second direction, everything that went against the Gurus’ teachings was rejected, and rites and customs considered to be consistent with Sikh doctrine were sought to be established. Akali and Gurudwara reform movement P a g e | 6 OPTIMIZE IAS Daily Prelims Notes Compilation https://optimizeias.com/ The Akali movement (also known as Gurudwara Reform Movement) was an offshoot of the Singh Sabha Movement. It aimed at liberating the Sikh gurudwaras from the control of corrupt Udasi mahants (the post having become hereditary). These mahants were a loyalist and reactionary lot, enjoying government patronage. The government tried its repressive policies against the non- violent non-cooperation satyagraha launched by the Akalis in 1921, but had to bow before popular demands It passed the Sikh Gurudwaras Act in 1922 (amended in 1925) which gave the control of gurudwaras to the Sikh masses to be administered through Shiromani Gurudwara Prabandhak Committee (SGPC) as the apex body. The Akali Movement was a regional movement but not a communal one. The Akali leaders played a notable role in the national liberation struggle though some dissenting voices were heard occasionally. They supported Non Violence movement of Mahatma Gandhi. P a g e | 7 OPTIMIZE IAS Daily Prelims Notes Compilation https://optimizeias.com/ 4. Pattachitras Context: Uncertain about their future, Pattachitra artists want virtual platform to sell paintings Concept: Pattachitra style of painting is one of the oldest and most popular art forms of Odisha. The name Pattachitra has evolved from the Sanskrit words patta, meaning canvas, and chitra, meaning picture. Pattachitra is thus a painting done on canvas, and is manifested by rich colorful application, creative motifs and designs, and portrayal of simple themes, mostly mythological in depiction. Some of the popular themes represented through this art form are Thia Badhia - depiction of the temple of Jagannath; Krishna Lila - enactment of Jagannath as Lord Krishna displaying his powers as a child; Dasabatara Patti - the ten incarnations of Lord Vishnu; Panchamukhi - depiction of Lord Ganesh as a five-headed deity. P a g e | 8 OPTIMIZE IAS Daily Prelims Notes Compilation https://optimizeias.com/ 5. Meru Jatra Context: Odisha’s Ganjam district administration