REPUBLIC OF RWANDA Public Disclosure Authorized MINISTRY IN CHARGE OF EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT P.O. Box: 4386 KIGALI Public Disclosure Authorized SOCIO-ECONOMIC INCLUSION OF REFUGEES AND HOST COMMUNITIES PROJECT (SEIRHCP) Public Disclosure Authorized ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK (ESMF) FINAL REPORT Public Disclosure Authorized March 2019 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In the framework of improving the living conditions of refugees and host communities, the Government of Rwanda through the Ministry in Charge of Emergency Management and with the funding from the World Bank is developing the project entitled “Socio Economic Inclusion of Refugees and Host Communities” (SEIRHCP). The project will be implemented in the six Districts hosting refugee camps, namely Kirehe, Gatsibo, Karongi, Nyamagabe, Gisagara, and Gicumbi hosting respectively the refugee camps Mahama, Nyabiheke, Kiziba, Kigeme, Mugombwa, and Gihembe. The project has four components: the first component aims to ensure access to basic services and socio-economic investments. The component is divided into two parts: access to basic services (education, health and water) and socio-economic investments (roads and markets). The key sub- project activities will include construction, rehabilitation, or upgrading school infrastructures, health facilities, water and sanitation facilities, roads, and markets in six districts hosting refugees. The second component aims to ensure economic opportunity with access to finance (grants or loans) and livelihood opportunities to both refugees and host community. The main objectives of this component are to promote entrepreneurship and wage employment through access to finance (grants or loans) and to provide capacity building for improved access to finance to refugees and host communities. Component three aims to rehabilitate the environment in and around refugee camps. The component will provide solutions to environmental degradation caused by the establishment of the refugee camps. This component includes rehabilitation of ravines and gullies through engineering interventions and surface water reservoirs for productive use of diverted storm water. The fourth component consists of project management and monitoring and evaluation. It will strengthen the technical capacity of all implementing agencies and enhance the monitoring and evaluation of the project. The SEIRHCP will bring benefits for refugees and host communities but it is also expected to have potential negative social and environmental impacts on the surroundings during implementation of sub-projects. In order to manage those negative impacts, the World Bank requires having the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) as a safeguard instrument. The ESMF is an instrument that guides the assessment of environmental and social impacts resulting from sub-projects. This ESMF contains measures and plans to reduce, mitigate and/or offset adverse impacts and enhance positive impacts as well as monitoring responsibilities during SEIRHCP implementation. The cost estimate to implement this ESMF is equivalent to 359,066 US$ for the first year of the SEIRHCP implementation as most construction works are expected on the first year. The estimated cost includes ESIA studies, environmental audits, awareness creation among the beneficiaries of the SEIRHCP and the required training workshop for the implementing institutions (MINEMA and Districts). The ESMF implementation costs will be adjusted later on during the SEIRHCP implementation. 1 Other costs related to the mitigation and monitoring measures of environmental and social impacts during the construction and operation phase of sub-projects are expected to be integrated in each sub-project design and construction contractor contracts. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................... 1 LISTS OF TABLES ...................................................................................................................................... 8 LISTS OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................................... 9 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ................................................................................................... 10 GLOSSARY OF TERMS ........................................................................................................................... 12 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 14 1.1. General Context .......................................................................................................................... 14 CHAPTER 2: SOCIO-ECONOMIC INCLUSION OF REFUGEES AND HOST COMMUNITIES IN RWANDA PROJECT ................................................................................................................................. 15 2.1. Project Overview ............................................................................................................................. 15 2.2. Project Components ......................................................................................................................... 15 CHAPTER 3: STUDY APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY OF ESMF............................................... 21 3.1. Literature Review ............................................................................................................................. 21 3.2. Field Visits and public consultation ................................................................................................. 21 CHAPTER 4: BASELINE INFORMATION ............................................................................................. 22 4.1. Key Baseline information on Rwanda ............................................................................................. 22 4.1.1. Physical Environment of Rwanda ............................................................................................. 22 4.1.2. Biological Environment ............................................................................................................ 28 4.2. Physical and biological environment of SEIRHCP target areas ...................................................... 29 4.2.1. Karongi District......................................................................................................................... 29 4.2.2. Gatsibo District ......................................................................................................................... 32 4.2.3. Gicumbi District ........................................................................................................................ 35 4.2.4. Gisagara District ....................................................................................................................... 38 4.2.5. Kirehe District ........................................................................................................................... 41 4.2.6. Nyamagabe District................................................................................................................... 43 4.3. Socio-Economic Environment ......................................................................................................... 46 4.3.1. Population and Demography of Districts and sectors hosting refugee camps .......................... 46 4.3.2. Economic activities ................................................................................................................... 50 CHAPTER 5: ADMINISTRATIVE, POLICY AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK .......................... 57 5.1. National Policy and Legal Framework ............................................................................................ 57 5.1.1. National Environmental Policy of 2003 .................................................................................... 57 3 5.1.2. National Water Resources Management Policy of 2011 .......................................................... 57 5.1.3. Land Policy of 2004 .................................................................................................................. 58 5.1.4. Forest Policy of 2017 ................................................................................................................ 58 5.1.5. National Environment and Climate Change Policy of 2018 ..................................................... 58 5.1.6. National Sanitation Policy of 2016 ........................................................................................... 59 5.1.7. National Human Settlement Policy in Rwanda of 2009 ........................................................... 60 5.1.8. NST-1/Seven Years Government Program (2017-2024) .......................................................... 61 5.2. National legal framework............................................................................................................... 61 5.2.1. Rwanda Constitution of 2003 as amended in 2015 ................................................................... 61 5.2.2. Law no 43/2013 of 16/06/2013 governing land in Rwanda ...................................................... 61 5.2.3. Law no 32/2015 of 11/06/2015 relating to Expropriation in the Public interest ....................... 62 5.2.4. Law no 47bis/2013 of 28/06/2013 determining the management and utilization of forests in Rwanda ..............................................................................................................................................