A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 570: 1–703 (2016) Catalogue of Texas spiders 1 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.570.6095 CATALOGUE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Catalogue of Texas spiders David Allen Dean1 1 Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America Corresponding author: David Allen Dean ([email protected]) Academic editor: I. Agnarsson | Received 24 July 2015 | Accepted 12 November 2015 | Published 2 March 2016 http://zoobank.org/CE0DA439-F6F6-4DCF-8225-5700A3C50098 Citation: Dean DA (2016) Catalogue of Texas spiders. ZooKeys 570: 1–703. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.570.6095 Abstract This catalogue lists 1,084 species of spiders (three identified to genus only) in 311 genera from 53 families currently recorded from Texas and is based on the “Bibliography of Texas Spiders” published by Bea Vo- gel in 1970. The online list of species can be found at http://pecanspiders.tamu.edu/spidersoftexas.htm. Many taxonomic revisions have since been published, particularly in the families Araneidae, Gnaphosidae and Leptonetidae. Many genera in other families have been revised. TheAnyphaenidae, Ctenidae, Hah- niidae, Nesticidae, Sicariidae and Tetragnathidae were also revised. Several families have been added and others split up. Several genera of Corinnidae were transferred to Phrurolithidae and Trachelidae. Two genera from Miturgidae were transferred to Eutichuridae. Zoridae was synonymized under Miturgidae. A single species formerly in Amaurobiidae is now in the Family Amphinectidae. Some trapdoor spiders in the family Ctenizidae have been transferred to Euctenizidae. Gertsch and Mulaik started a list of Texas spiders in 1940. In a letter from Willis J. Gertsch dated October 20, 1982, he stated “Years ago a first listing of the Texas fauna was published by me based largely on Stanley Mulaik material, but it had to be abandoned because of other tasks.” This paper is a compen- dium of the spiders of Texas with distribution, habitat, collecting method and other data available from revisions and collections. This includes many records and unpublished data (including data from three unpublished studies). One of these studies included 16,000 adult spiders belonging to 177 species in 29 families. All specimens in that study were measured and results are in the appendix. Hidalgo County has 340 species recorded with Brazos County at 323 and Travis County at 314 species. These reflect the amount of collecting in the area. Keywords Distribution, Locality, Caves, Time of activity, Habitat, Method, Type, Collection, Etymology, History of collecting, Thesis Copyright David Allen Dean. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 2 David Allen Dean / ZooKeys 570: 1–703 (2016) Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................. 2 History of collecting in Texas ................................................................................... 3 Table 1. Number of species recorded from Texas described by time period ......... 6 Table 2. Number of species described by Chamberlin and Gertsch and co-authors in Texas ........................................................................................................ 7 Table 3. Collectors of holotypes in Texas ............................................................ 8 Table 4. Comparison of number of genera and species in this publication versus Vogel (1970b). ............................................................................................. 9 Taxonomy .............................................................................................................. 11 Acknowledgments ................................................................................................ 518 References ............................................................................................................ 519 Appendix .............................................................................................................. 563 Number of species by county ......................................................................... 564 Localities with County ................................................................................... 565 List of Spiders in Caves by County ................................................................. 601 Spiders in Parks .............................................................................................. 606 Prairie study ................................................................................................... 650 Attwater Prairie Chicken National Wildlife Refuge ........................................ 687 Golden Cheeked Warbler Project ................................................................... 690 Species from Various Elevations in Texas Counties ......................................... 693 Index to taxonomic section................................................................................... 698 Introduction Gertsch and Mulaik (1940) published the first list of spiders in Texas. In a letter from Willis J. Gertsch dated October 20, 1982, he stated “Years ago a first listing of the Texas fauna was published by me based largely on Stanley Mulaik material, but it had to be abandoned because of other tasks.” They described 17 new species in nine families and provided distributions in select families (Ctenizidae, Dipluridae, Euctenizidae, Theraphosidae, Caponiidae, Dictynidae, Diguetidae, Dysderidae, Fil- istatidae, Mimetidae, Oecobiidae, Oonopidae, Pholcidae, Scytodidae, Segestriidae, Sicariidae, and Uloboridae). Bea Vogel published a “Bibliography of Texas Spiders” in 1970 based on literature records. The current paper is an update of her work and includes data from revisions and labels from specimens and many new records. Her list included 582 species, but she underestimated the diversity of spiders occurring in Texas partly because of more recent collecting in many areas of the state. Fifty-seven names in her list have been synonymized, 17 are not found in Texas, five are nomen dubium, one is undescribed, and three are duplicates resulting in 499 species (Table 4). Many revisions have since been published and much additional collecting has more than doubled the number of species recorded from Texas. Texas is a transition Catalogue of Texas spiders 3 zone which includes extreme range-limits of many species and also has part of its bor- der adjoining Mexico. The climate varies from subtropical in South Texas, to temper- ate conditions in the panhandle; and from desert in the west, to swamp in the east. References are listed that mention Texas for each species. Some checklists have been published, which remain the only reference to a species’ occurrence in Texas. Illustrations of the genitalia of a species not included in published reports of a Texas occurrence are included as a reference in brackets. Counties listed are those in which published reports include a species occurring in Texas and includes unpublished re- cords from collections. A species listed as “widespread” is widely distributed across Texas. Several species are listed as “Texas.” The latest name of a species is given with synonymy included where Texas is listed. [T] is a transfer. [S] is synonymy. Collecting data from locality labels is provided where available. This was taken from collections and revisions. The collections at Texas A&M University, the author’s collection and that at Midwestern State University were searched. Records from West Texas A&M were donated. Cave records from the Texas Memorial Museum are included. The South West Arthropod Network (http://symbiota4.acis.ufl.edu/scan/ portal/collections/) was accessed September 13, 2014. It includes records from Denver Museum of Nature & Science, Museum of Comparative Zoology, New Mexico State University, Texas Memorial Museum, and Texas Tech University. Catalogs of Banks (1910), Bonnet (1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959), Buckle et al. (2001), Crosby (1905), Marx (1890), Petrunkevitch (1911), Roewer (1942, 1955), Roth (1988), Roth and Brown (1986), and Vogel (1962, 1967) were searched. See Brignoli (1983) and Platnick (1989, 1993, 1998, 2000, 2001, and 2003) for updates on new family classifications and current status of species. NMBE – World Spider Cat- alog (http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/) was used for recent changes in names. Distribution in Petrunkevitch (1911) listed as all states, North America, East of Rocky Mountains or United States are not included here. Several spider species have been listed as endangered by the US Fish & Wildlife Service (Federal Register 1998, 2000, 2002, 2003). These are mostly in the families Dictynidae and Leptonetidae. History of collecting in Texas General: Some areas of Texas have been heavily collected (Rio Grande Valley, Austin, College Station, Wichita Falls) while many areas remain little collected. Sampling of counties: Many studies of spiders have been undertaken in Texas. Those based on a particular county include: Brazos (Dean and Sterling 1990, Hen- derson 2007), Dallas (Jones 1936), Ellis (Hunter 1988), Erath (Agnew et al. 1985), Galveston (Rapp 1984), Nacogdoches (Brown 1974), Potter (Roberts 2001), Smith (Rydzak and Killebrew 1982), Travis (Vincent and Frankie 1985), Walker (Dean and