Analysis of Impediments To Fair Housing Choice City of Dallas, Texas July 2019 Prepared for: Fair Housing Office City of Dallas, Texas 1500 Marilla Street Dallas, Texas 75201 Office 214-670-FAIR (3247) Fax – 214-670-0665 Contents I. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................................. 5 Context.................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Analysis of Impediments Background ................................................................................................................................ 6 Fair Housing Laws and Regulatory Framework ................................................................................................................. 7 Purpose of the AI ................................................................................................................................................................... 9 Planning Research and Methodology ............................................................................................................................. 10 Public Participation in the AI ......................................................................................................................................... 11 Fair Housing Planning .......................................................................................................................................................... 13 Data Limitations ................................................................................................................................................................... 14 Summary of 2015 Impediments and Recommendations ............................................................................................. 15 Previous Impediment A: Lack of affordable housing for Dallas residents. ............................................................. 15 Previous Impediment B: Lack of accessible housing limiting housing choices for seniors and persons with disabilities. ........................................................................................................................................................................ 15 Previous Impediment C: Housing rehabilitation resources available to the City are not distributed between owner and renter households. ...................................................................................................................................... 15 Previous Impediment D: Lack of awareness of a reasonable accommodation procedure to provide relief from codes that may limit housing opportunities to individuals with disabilities. .................................................. 16 Previous Impediment E: Historic pattern of concentration of racial/ethnic and low-income populations in the City. ............................................................................................................................................................................ 16 Previous Impediment F: Lending practices may be disproportionately impacting racial and ethnic minority populations based on loan denial rates. .................................................................................................................... 16 Previous Impediment G: Increase in the potential for persons with mental disabilities to be restricted in housing choices due to cuts in case management and support services. .......................................................... 16 Previous Impediment H: Inadequate fair housing education and awareness in community, especially for underrepresented and minority populations with Limited English Proficiency (LEP). ........................................... 17 Previous Impediment I: Residents face challenges accessing public transportation, especially special needs population members including persons with disabilities and homeless persons. ................................................. 17 Previous Impediment J: Not in my Backyard (NIMBYism) sentiment is an impediment to fair housing choice. ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 17 Summary of Current 2019 Impediments and Recommended Actions ...................................................................... 18 Impediment #1: Lack of affordable housing in high-opportunity areas ................................................................ 18 Impediment #2: Insufficient affordable housing available in the City of Dallas ................................................... 18 Impediment #3: Lack of affordable, accessible housing for persons with disabilities ......................................... 18 Impediment #4: Lack of public or private investments in certain neighborhoods .............................................. 18 Impediment #5: Insufficient access to opportunity for residents of supported housing ..................................... 18 Impediment #6: Lack of education regarding affordable housing and fair housing enforcement ................. 18 II. COMMUNITY PROFILE ................................................................................................................................................... 19 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................................... 19 CDBG Eligible Tracts ............................................................................................................................................................ 20 Population, Race, and Ethnicity ........................................................................................................................................ 21 1 Spatial Patterns ................................................................................................................................................................ 22 Racially and Ethnically Concentrated Areas of Poverty............................................................................................... 26 Change in R/ECAPs over the years .............................................................................................................................. 33 Single female-led families with children ...................................................................................................................... 35 Housing Choice Voucher Families and R/ECAPs ....................................................................................................... 37 Supportive Housing and R/ECAPs ................................................................................................................................. 38 Household Characteristics ................................................................................................................................................. 39 Income Characteristics .................................................................................................................................................. 40 Educational Attainment ................................................................................................................................................. 42 Employment ..................................................................................................................................................................... 46 Transportation and Commuting ........................................................................................................................................ 52 Public Transit ..................................................................................................................................................................... 52 North Central Texas Council of Governments ............................................................................................................ 57 III. HOUSING PROFILE ........................................................................................................................................................ 60 Housing by Tenure ............................................................................................................................................................... 60 Housing Conditions .............................................................................................................................................................. 62 Housing Affordability ........................................................................................................................................................... 63 By Tenure .......................................................................................................................................................................... 63 By Race and Ethnicity .................................................................................................................................................... 64 By Family Type and Size .................................................................................................................................................. 64 By Location ......................................................................................................................................................................