INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photo­ graph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the original text directly from the copy submitted. Thus, some dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from a computer printer. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyrighted material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are re­ produced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each oversize page is available as one exposure on a standard 35 mm slide or as a 17" x 23" black and white photographic print for an additional charge. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. 35 mm slides or 6" X 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. I A ccessin g the World'sUMI Information sin c e 1 9 3 8 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA Order Number 8812237 Music of the Shakers from Union Village, Ohio: A repertory study and tune index of the manuscripts originating in the 1840’s Christenson, Donald Edwin, Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 1988 Copyright ©1988 by Christenson, Donald Edwin. All rights reserved. UMI 300 N. ZeebRd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy: Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a check mark V 1. Glossy photographs or pages. 2. Colored illustrations, paper or print _____ 3. Photographs with dark background _____ 4. Illustrations are p o o r copy ______ 5. Pages with black m arks, not original copy. «% 6. Print shows through as there is text on both sides of page. 7. Indistinct, broken or small print on several pages 8. Print exceeds margin requirements ______ 9. Tightly bound copy with print lost in spine _______ 10. Computer printout pages with indistinct print. 11. Page(s) _____________ lacking when material received, and not available from school or author. 12. Page(s) ____________ seem to be missing in numbering only as text follows. 13. Two pages n u m b e re d . Text follows. 14. Curling and wrinkled p a g e s ______ 15. Dissertation co n tain s pages with print at a slant, filmed as received ______ 16. Other UMI MUSIC OF THE SHAKERS FROM UNION VILLAGE, OHIO: A REPERTORY STUDY AND TUNE INDEX OF THE MANUSCRIPTS ORIGINATING IN THE 1G40 S DISSERTATION Presented In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy In the Graduate School of The Ohio State University m Donald Edwin Christenson, B.A., M.A. * a * * * The Ohio State University 1988 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Keith E. Mixter Peter W. Gano ' Advisor / School of Music Susan L. Porter Copyright by Donald Edwin Christenson 1988 To My Parents, w ho have dedicated th e ir hands to work, their lives to their family, and th eir hearts to God (Adapted from the Shaker motto) ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere appreciation and gratitiude to my advisor. Dr. Keith E. Mixter, who, throughout the duration of this project, gave unselfishly of his time, demonstrated untold patience and understanding, and guided me in a firm and caring manner. I am indebted to him for his exceptional advice and support. To the other members of the reading committee, I extend my thanks. Dr. Peter W. Gano has, throughout my graduate studies, always been available for guidance. My appreciation is also expressed to Dr. Susan L. Porter for her commitment, suggestions, and recommendations. During the beginning research in Shaker studies, I became acquainted with several persons whose encouragement has been invaluable. Dr. Daniel W. Patterson, University of North Carolina, has shared most generously with his time, correspondence, and constructive suggestions. It is he who first encouraged my research. Thanks is also expressed to Roger L. Hall, Stoughton, Mass., for direction on this specific dissertation topic. A very special debt of gratitiude is expressed to Faith Andrews, Pittsfield, Mass., who most graciously hosted me in her home. Mrs. Andrews has continued to demonstrate much caring, understanding, and support during the research years. The Shaker collections of many libraries and museums were generously placed at my disposal. I gratefully acknowledge the personal iii assistance and access extended to me by the staffs of the following Institutions: Henry Francis du Pont Winterthur Museum, Winterthur, Delaware; The Kentucky Library, Bowling Green , Kentucky; The Fruitlands Museums, Harvard, Mass.; The Shaker Community, Inc., Hancock, Mass.; the Berkshire Athenaeum, Pittsfield, Mass.; Williams College, Willamstown, Mass.; The Shaker Museum, Old Chatham, N. V.; The Western Reserve Historical Society, Cleveland, Ohio; The Ohio Historical Society, Columbus, Ohio; The Warren County Historical Society, Lebanon, Ohio; and the Library of Congress, Washington, D. C. Much appreciation is expressed to the staff of The Ohio State University Library: Dr. Thomas Heck, and Professors Robert Thorson, Robert Tibbetts, Michael Valinis, and Keith Fulton-Higgs. Special courtesies were granted by Steve Rogers. I would also like to thank the Graduate School of The Ohio State University for its awarding of a Graduate Student Alumni Research Award which helped to defray the costs of this study. A very special and warm reception was extended to me by the Shakers at Canterbury, New Hampshire and Sabbathday Lake, Maine. The sharing in Shaker meals and worship service at Sabbathday will always be fondly remembered. Access to the manuscript collection at Sabbathday was most appreciated. No project of this scope would have been possible without the love and support of my family. A very deep sense of appreciation is expressed to my parents, Mr. and Mrs Kenneth C. Christenson, who have been most dedicated to their family. For their love and nuturing, I will be forever thankful. To my sister Diane and her family, especially her husband Dirk, I express my heartfelt thanks for their support and sacrifices. I am most iv appreciative for tangible and intangible support from my brother Gary, and his wife, Susan, and to brothers, Ken and Bill. To my aunt and uncle, Betty and William Benson, I express gracious thanks for their many years of caring. Throughout the research process and Journeys, friendships were bom or renewed. To longtime friends, the William Becks of Schenectady, N.Y. and Westford, Mass., I express my gratitude for hospitality extended. I will always appreciate the support and gifts of Shaker materials received from Jean and Russell Bousquet, Pittsfield, Mass. I am truly Indebted for the very special support of Thor and Ann Wood, New York City, who have become close friends. I am grateful to Sue and Tom Odom, Bowling Green, Kentucky, who allowed me to enter their home as a stranger and to leave as a friend. Additional support was received from Dr. David Butler, William Wahl, Pat Nichlols, and Nancy Dasher. My thanks is also given to Jeff Bibb and Lance Jones, whose encouragement has been most helpful. To Daniel A. Dietz, I express my deepest and most heartfelt appreciation for skillful typing and proofreading of the dissertation drafts and manuscript Inventories. His support, patience, understanding, and friendship throughout the process will always be of special significance. VITA Jonuory 4, 1947 ..................... ........... Born--A1toono, Pennsylvania 1967 to present ..................................Independent Plano Teacher 1970 .....................................................B.A. in Music, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1970-1972, 1976 ..............................M.A. in Music History, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, Pennsylvania 1973-1975 ......................................... Music Teacher, St. Charles Preparatory School, Columbus, Ohio 1977-1985 ........................................ Graduate Associate, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio PUBLICATIONS Christenson, Donald E., Review of The Happy Journey: Thirty-Five Shaker ■Spjn t tiais Ciim PJM Py-Q9ra.EnfllCÆil^SgflIS. edited by Roger Hall (Harvard, Mass.: The Fruitlands Museums, Inc., 1962). Requested by Reviews editor. American Music. V/1 (Spring, 1987). Christenson, Donald E., "A History of the Early Shakers and Their Music," The Hymn.XXXVIII/1 (January, 1988). FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Music History Studies in Music History: Peter Gano, Richard Hoppin, Herbert Livingston, Alexander Main, Keith Mixter Studies in Piano Pedagogy: Jerry Lewder Vi TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION.....................................................................................................il ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.................................................................................. iii VITA......................................................................... Vi TABLE OF CONTENTS....................... Vii LIST OF PLATES.................................. xi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS...........................................................................^ii INTRODUCTION................................................................................................. 1 CHAPTER PAGE I. RELIGIOUS